Industrial medicine

• Who developed the germ theory of disease?


  Louis Pasteur
• What significant work did Robert Koch do?

  Identified specific bacteria causing diseases
• What was Florence Nightingale's influence on nursing?

  Improved hospital care and nursing standards
• What impact did anesthetics have on surgery?

  Allowed deeper and more ambitious surgeries
• What was the Public Health Act of 1875?

  A law to improve public health in Britain
• Who developed the first effective anesthetic?

  James Simpson
• What was the significance of the Broad Street pump?

  Key in understanding cholera transmission
• What did Edward Jenner develop in 1798?

  Vaccination against smallpox
• How did the Industrial Revolution affect disease prevalence?

  Increased urbanization led to new diseases
• How did the Enlightenment influence medical ideas?

  Encouraged scientific explanations over tradition
• What was the theory of spontaneous generation?

  Belief that microbes arose from decaying matter
• What did Joseph Lister introduce to surgery?

  Antiseptic techniques using carbolic acid
• What was the impact of Robert Koch's discoveries?

  Identified specific microbes causing diseases
• How did the government’s role in public health change by the end of the 19th century?

  Increased involvement in improving public health
• What was the Black Period in surgery?

  Time of high death rates due to infection
• What did Florence Nightingale establish in 1860?

  The Nightingale School for nurses
• What was the role of cottage hospitals in the 19th century?

  Provided care for local communities
• How did the understanding of mental illness in the 19th century differ from today?

  Limited understanding led to isolation of patients
• What was the significance of Queen Victoria using chloroform?

  Increased acceptance of anesthetics in childbirth
• What did the government order in 1867 regarding the poor?

  Build infirmaries for the sick poor
• What was the main reason for the high death rates during surgery in the 1850s?

  Lack of antiseptics leading to infections
• How did the introduction of antiseptics change surgical practices?

  Reduced infection rates during surgeries
• What was the relationship between miasma theory and germ theory?

  Miasma theory was replaced by germ theory
• What did the 1875 Public Health Act signify?

  A major change in government health policy
• What was the role of trade unions in the 19th century regarding health?

  Provided medical support for workers
• How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to the spread of diseases?

  Created crowded and unsanitary living conditions
• What was the significance of the cholera outbreaks in the 19th century?

  Highlighted the need for public health reforms
• What did Joseph Lister's antiseptic methods aim to prevent?

  Infections during surgical procedures
• How did the understanding of disease causation evolve during the 18th and 19th centuries?

  Shifted from miasma to germ theory explanations
• What were the long-term impacts of Louis Pasteur's germ theory?

  Led to advancements in vaccinations and antiseptics
• What was the primary focus of the Enlightenment regarding medical ideas?

  Emphasis on reason and scientific explanation
• What was the role of the Crimean War in medical advancements?

  Highlighted the need for improved hospital care
• How did the introduction of steam sterilization change surgical practices?

  Ensured all instruments were free from germs
• What was the significance of the Nightingale School for nurses?

  Improved training and standards for nursing
• What did the term "laissez-faire" refer to in the context of public health?

  Government's non-interventionist approach
• How did the government’s attitude towards public health change by the late 19th century?

  Shifted to more active involvement in health
• What were the implications of the government rejecting germ theory initially?

  Delayed public health improvements and reforms
• What was the impact of cholera on public health policies?

  Prompted reforms and better sanitation measures
• What was the main cause of cholera according to Jon Snow?

  Contaminated drinking water
• How did the understanding of mental illness evolve during the 19th century?

  Increased awareness but limited treatment options