concepts of behavioral change

• dependent on one's intention - theory of planned behavior
• bandura (social cognitive theory) - external not inner parts
• bandura (1986) - "peoples behaviors are driven by external forces not by inner forces"
• intention - determined by an individual's attitude
• environmental factors - represent situational influences and environment in which behavior is performed
• behavior - determined by an individual's perceived behavioral control
• transtheoretical model - also known as stages of change model (another framework that explain behavior)
• precontemplation - people are not intending to make a change
• contemplation - people intend to change
• contemplation - aware of the pros of changing but also can identify the cons
• preparation - plan of action and intend to take action in the immediate future
• action - people make the behavior change
• maintenance - people work to prevent relapse
• termination - individuals have 100 percent efficiency and will maintain their behavior
• factors affecting health cited from who's community health needs assessment

  physical environment

  social environment

  poverty

  behaviour and lifestyle

  family genetics and individual biology
• recommended to be considered when one does community profiling

  work and levels of employment and unemployment

  poverty and income

  environment
• occupational disease - all works affects health, both negatively and positively
• income levels - amount of income people earn
• self worth - status of an occupation
• health inequality - large gap results in big difference in health and life expectancy between rich and poor
• health inequality - one of the most significant factors affecting health
• destabilizing factors that can affect the health status of community by WHO

  war

  economic recession

  natural disasters such as earthquakes or drought
• three broad factors that affect community health

  physical factors

  social and cultural factors

  individual factors

  community organizing
• physical factors - geography, environment, community size, industrial development
• social and cultural factors - traditions, norms, economy, politics, income, livelihood
• individual factors - behavior
• community organizing - fourth factor that can determine the health of a community
• steps in community organizing

  1. problem identification
  2. interface with community
  3. people organization
  4. community profile and assessment
  5. goal-setting and formulation of strategies
  6. implementation of agreed strategies or solutions
  7. monitoring and evaluation
  8. sustaining gains, addressing emerging problems