communicable disease

• communicable disease - caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, etc
• communicable disease - can be spread
• communicable disease control - preventing communicable disease by maintaining a healthy physical environment
• communicable disease control - establishing a disease surveillance/early warning system
• communicable disease control - controlling outbreaks through adequate preparedness and rapid response
• communicable disease control - managing disease with prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment
• communicable disease control - ultimate aim of prevention is to halt or reverse the process
• infection - the entry and development or multiplication of infectious agent
• disinfection - describes the process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms except bacterial spores, natural environment, etc
• contamination - presence of cleansing an object or substance to remove contaminants
• contaminants

  biological

  chemical

  physical

  radiological substance
• leading causes of morbidity

  acute lower respiratory tract infection

  pneumonia

  acute watery diarrhea

  bronchitis

  influenza

  tuberculosis

  malaria

  tb respiratory
• diseases that continue to account large number of deaths

  tuberculosis

  malaria

  hiv
• chain of infection - pattern which an infection disease is transmitted
• pathogen/causative agent - virus, bacteria, parasite that causes the disease in humans
• method of transmission - way of travel
• susceptible host - individual human
• direct transmission

  direct contact

  direct projection
• indirect transmission

  vehicle borne

  vector borne
• primary role of immune system

  surveillance

  destruction
• immune system - defense in human body from pathogens
• two types of immune systems

  innate immune system

  adaptive immune system
• natural or innate - present at the time of birth
• innate or natural - do not possess immunologic memory
• natural or innate - non specific
• natural or innate - first line of defense
• acquired or adaptive - acquired as a result of prior experience and highly specific
• acquired or adaptive - t lymphocyte dependent response and with memory
• types of adaptive immunity

  acquired active immunity

  acquired passive immunity
• acquired active immunity - actual infection or inoculation that causes the production of specific antibodies (vaccines-hepatitis, tetanus)
• acquired passive immunity - afford temporary protection against invading antigen
• host defense/resistance - sum total of body mechanism