Chapter 2

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Bianca <3

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Chemistry is concerned with what?
The composition of substances and how they change in chemical reactions
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
What is mass?
The amount of mater present
What is weight?
Heaviness due to gravitational pull on mass
What is chemistry?
The study of composition, properties, and interactions of mater
What is biochemistry?
The study of physiological processes and diseases
What are elements?
Simplest type of matter with certain chemical properties
What are compounds?
A chemical combination of different elements
What is an atom?
The smallest particles of an element that have properties of that element
What are the bulk elements?
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur.
What are the trace elements?
Iron and Iodine
What are the ultrace elements?
As
What are ultratrace elements?
Required by the body in very minute amounts
What are trace elements?
Elements that are required by the body in small amounts
What are bulk elements?
Required by the body in large amount
What elements makeup 99.9% of the human body?
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus.
What are atoms composed of?
Subatomic particles, electrons, neutrons, and protons
What are protons?
Large particles that carry a single positive charge
What are neutrons?
Large particles that carry a single neutral charge
What are electrons?
Small particles that carry a single negative charge
What do atoms consist of?
Central nucleus and electrons
The number of what equals the number of what in an atom?
Protons, electrons
Atoms are _____ charged?
Atoms are electrically neutral.
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus of a specific atom
What is the mass number?
The number of protons and the number of neutrons in the atom
Do electrons contribute to the mass of the atom?
No, because their light
What is an isotope?
Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers
What is atomic weight?
The average of mass numbers of all its isotopes
What are radioactive isotopes?
Unstable, releasing energy or atomic fragments (atomic radiation) until they gain stability
What is ionizing radiation?
Alpha, beta, and gamma
Why is ionizing radiation occurring?
Its energy can remove electrons from atoms and form ions
What is a molecule?
A particle formed when 2 or more atoms chemically combine
What is a compound?
Formed by 2 or more atoms of different elements chemically combined
What are molecular formulas?
Depicting elements present and the number of each atom present in the molecule
What is chemical bonding?
Forms when atoms combine with other atoms, results from interactions between the electrons of the atom
Where to electrons reside?
The electric shells that encircles the nucleus
How many electrons does the first shell hold?
2
How many electrons does the 2nd shell hold?
8
How many electrons does the 3rd shell hold?
8
How are electrons filled?
Inner orbits are filled first