erosion

• What is transportation in coastal geography?

  The movement of material along the coast
• How does longshore drift occur?

  Material moves in a zigzag pattern due to waves
• What is traction in coastal geography?

  Large rocks are rolled along the sea bed
• What is saltation?

  Small pebbles are bounced along the sea bed
• What is suspension in coastal geography?

  Fine, light material is carried along in water
• What is solution in transportation?

  Dissolved materials are carried in the water
• What is deposition in coastal geography?

  When the sea drops material it has carried
• Where does deposition typically happen?

  In sheltered areas like bays or behind spits
• What landforms are created by deposition?

  Beaches, spits, bars, and tombolos
• What is a spit?

  A stretch of sand that sticks out from the coast
• What is hard engineering in coastal management?

  Man-made structures to control natural processes
• What is managed retreat?

  Allowing areas to flood to reduce pressure
• What are the pros and cons of sea walls?

  Strong protection but expensive and causes erosion
• What is erosion in coastal geography?

  The wearing away and removal of rock
• What is hydraulic action?

  Waves force air into cracks, breaking rock
• What is abrasion (corrasion)?

  Rocks grind against the coastline like sandpaper
• What is solution (corrosion)?

  Sea water dissolves certain types of rock
• What is attrition?

  Rocks smash into each other and break apart
• Which type of rock erodes faster?

  Soft rock erodes faster than hard rock
• What landforms can erosion create?

  Cliffs, caves, arches, and stacks
• What is a wave-cut platform?

  A flat area of rock at the base of a cliff
• How does a cave form?

  Erosion enlarges cracks in a headland
• How does a stack form?

  A cave becomes an arch, then collapses
• How are headlands and bays formed?

  Softer rock erodes faster to form bays
• What happens to harder rock in the formation of headlands and bays?

  Harder rock erodes slowly and sticks out
• How does a crack form in a headland?

  Waves exploit weaknesses in the rock
• What processes contribute to the formation of cracks in headlands?

  Hydraulic action and abrasion
• How does a cave form in a headland?

  A crack is widened by erosion
• What happens to a crack as erosion continues?

  It becomes a hollow space or cave
• How does an arch form from a cave?

  Erosion continues until it breaks through
• What occurs to the roof of the arch over time?

  It collapses due to erosion and weathering
• What is a stack?

  A tall column of rock left after erosion
• What is a stump?

  Remains of a stack after further erosion
• What is a wave-cut notch?

  A dent at the base of a cliff
• How is a wave-cut notch formed?

  By erosion from waves hitting the cliff
• What is a wave-cut platform?

  A flat, rocky area left after cliff retreat
• What causes the formation of a wave-cut platform?

  Cliff collapses and retreats due to erosion