The Cell

• cell - is the basic living unit of all organisms
• cell - One-fifth the size of a dot
• Cell - Extremely small but complex
• Cell Membrane - Phospholipid Bilayer
• Cell Membrane - Selectively permeable which allows substances to enter and leave the cell
• Passive Diffusion - movement through cell membrane that does not require energy
• Active Diffusion - movement through the cell membrane that requires the cell to expand energy (ATP)
• Vacuoles - Fluid filled sacs, stores wastes or food, larger in plant cells
• Mitochondria - Powerhouse of the Cell
• Chloroplast - contains the pigment called chlorophyl, site of photosynthesis where food is made
• Cytoplasm - Fluid of the cell that allows organelles to float and move in the cell
• Nuclear Membrane - controls what goes in and out of the nucleus
• Plastids - contain pigments, food making, food storage
• Nucleoplasm - fluid in the nucleus
• Cell Wall - protects and supports cell. only found in plant cells.
• Golgi Body - Packages Materials for cell
• Ribosomes - produces protein
• Nucleolus - RNA maker, important for protein synthesis
• Simple diffusion, Osmosis, and Carrier-mediated diffusion/ Facilitated Diffusion are all kinds of: Passive Diffusion
• Simple Diffusion - Solutes move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration of that same solute in solution.
• Osmosis - Diffusion of solvent across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration.
• Endosmosis - water moves into the cell
• Exosmosis - water moves out of the cell
• Hydrophilic - Water loving, polar heads
• Hydrophobic - water fearing, non-polar heads or tails
• Facilitated diffusion is a carrier-mediated transport process that moves substances across the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration of that substance.
• Active transport - process that moves substances across the cell membrane from regions of lower concentration to those of higher concentration against a concentration gradient
• Active transport - requires ATP as energy source