Glaciation

• What is the term for the work done by ice in shaping the landscape?

  Glaciation
• What are the two main processes of glacial erosion?

  Plucking and abrasion
• What is plucking in glacial erosion?

  It is when glaciers remove rocks from the ground
• How does abrasion occur during glacial movement?

  Rocks attached to glaciers scratch the valley floor
• What are striations?

  Scratch marks left by moving glaciers
• What causes an ice age according to the study material?

  Changes in Earth's orbit and atmosphere
• How does the Earth's orbit influence climate?

  It changes from elliptical to circular over time
• What happens to global temperatures when CO₂ levels decrease?

  Global temperatures can drop
• How do ocean currents affect glaciation?

  They distribute heat and influence ice sheet formation
• What are the processes of glacial erosion?

  • Plucking: Glacier removes rocks from the ground
  • Abrasion: Rocks scratch the valley floor
• What is a cirque?

  A basin-shaped hollow in a mountain
• How is a cirque formed?

  Snow accumulates and compresses into ice
• What is a tarn?

  A lake formed in a cirque
• What characterizes a U-shaped valley?

  It has a wide flat floor and steep sides
• How does a U-shaped valley form?

  A glacier widens and deepens a V-shaped valley
• What are truncated spurs?

  Cliffs left behind after glacier movement
• What is a terminal moraine?

  Material deposited at the glacier's end
• What is an esker?

  A long ridge of sand and gravel
• How is an esker formed?

  By meltwater streams depositing material under glaciers
• What is boulder clay?

  A fertile soil from glacial deposits
• How does glaciation benefit agriculture?

  It creates fertile soil suitable for farming
• What is one negative effect of glaciation on agriculture?

  It can leave upland areas unsuitable for farming
• How do glaciers affect drainage in some areas?

  They can create poor drainage conditions
• What is a potential consequence of melting glaciers?

  Rising sea levels leading to flooding
• What are the benefits and negative influences of glaciation on human activity?

  Benefits:

  • Fertile soil for agriculture
  • Tourism opportunities
  • Hydroelectric power generation
  • Natural routes for transport

  
  

  Negative Influences:

  • Poor agricultural land in upland areas
  • Poor drainage leading to bogs
  • Risk of flooding from rising sea levels