active transport

• What is active transport?

  Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient
• How does active transport differ from diffusion?

  Active transport requires energy; diffusion does not
• What analogy is used to describe diffusion?

  Water flowing downhill
• What is the energy source for active transport?

  Energy from cellular respiration
• Where does cellular respiration mainly occur?

  In the mitochondria
• What do ATP molecules do in the cell?

  Act like batteries transporting energy
• How is active transport defined in relation to concentration gradients?

  Movement from lower to higher concentration
• Why do plants need to absorb water and mineral ions?

  To survive and grow
• What are root hair cells adapted for?

  Absorbing water and mineral ions
• Why can't plants absorb minerals by diffusion?

  Minerals are at higher concentration inside cells
• How do root hair cells increase their absorption efficiency?

  By having long hair-like protrusions
• What is the role of mitochondria in root hair cells?

  Provide energy for active transport
• What are the adaptations of root hair cells?

  • Long hair-like protrusions for large surface area
  • High number of mitochondria for energy
• What is the process of active transport in root hair cells?

  1. Absorption of minerals from soil
  2. Movement against concentration gradient
  3. Requires energy from cellular respiration
• What is the relationship between cellular respiration and active transport?

  • Cellular respiration provides ATP
  • ATP is used for energy in active transport