Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

• Eukaryotes have DNA in their nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
• Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have a cell membrane that controls the movement into and out of the cell to maintain homeostasis.
• Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes , while eukaryotes are protists, fungi, plants and animals.
• Ribosomes produce protein
• What is the cell theory?

  1. All cells come from preexisting cells

  2. The smallest living unit in an organism

  3.Cells make up all living organisms
• The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
• What are cytoskeletons for?

  supports cell and cell movement
• What are membrane-bound organelles

  organelles like the nucleus and mitochondria found in eukaryotes
• What kingdoms and domains fall under prokaryotes?

  Bacteria and Archae
• What kingdoms and domains fall under eukaryotes?

  Eukarya, Plant, Animals, Fungi, Protists
• Where is mitochondria found and its functions?

  1.creates ATP energy through cellular respiration in animal and plant cells
• What is the difference between Plant and Animal Cell

  Animal = no cell wall, chloroplasts or central vacuole
• What is the most specific and least specific classifcation ?

  
  

  Domain (least) and species (most)
• What is Bionomial Nomenclature also known as? Linnaen System
• What are the three domains?


  Archae, Eukarya, Bacteria
• Nucleus holds the nucleous which produces ribosomes
• DNA is made up of ribosomes
• Ribosomes are found on rough ER
• rough ER transports molecules/proteins in vesicles
• Vesicles lead to the golgi apparatus
• The golgi appartus uses enzymes to modify and sort molecules in and out of cell membrane
• The smooth ER has no ribosomes and assists in detoxification in liver
• Plant cells have large central vacuole, chloroplasts create glucose from photosynthesis reflecting green light, cell wall for extra protection, mitochondria atp energy through cellular respiration
• To survive all cells need matter, energy sources, water, waste removal, ions, nutrients.
• To grow cells need a source of energy, either light or chemical
• Organisms that use light are photosynthetic
• Photosynthetic organisms include plants, algae, some bacteria
• Heterotrophic organisms get their food from other living things
• Sun is ultimate source for autotrophs to create organic molecules from light, passed on to consumers as source of energy
• Consumers are organisms that eat other organisms for nutrients and energy
• Carbon dioxide is matter needed for photosynthesis
• oxygen is needed for respiration
• carbon dioxide and oxygen are small, non-polar molecules that can diffuse through cell membrane
• water moves into cell through osmosis, a passive process
• a passive process moves molecules from concentrated area to dilute
• nutrients are larger or polar substances like carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids and ions needed in cell to create energy sources and organelles
• amino acids are used for proteins
• fatty acids and glycerol are needed for lipids
• nucleotides are needed for DNA
• ions are needed for electrical signal and osmotic pressure