Post industrial Britain

Cards (71)

  • What primarily dictated leisure time in pre-industrial Britain?
    The amount of work on the land
  • What significant change did the Industrial Revolution bring to the distinction between work and leisure?
    A greater distinction between work and leisure
  • During the early stages of industrialization, how long were typical work shifts in factories?
    12-hour shifts
  • What was the significance of Sunday for the working class during industrialization?
    A day of rest
  • Why did working people have little time for leisure activities initially during industrialization?
    They worked very long hours
  • What kind of events were holidays often based on?
    Church-based holy days
  • How did the development of transport, such as railways, affect the leisure activities of the upper classes?
    Allowed them to take sports further afield
  • What societal factor significantly shaped sports and pastimes in post-industrial Britain?
    Strong social class divisions
  • Who comprised the emerging middle class in nineteenth-century Britain?
    Professionals, factory owners, and managers
  • What role did the middle class play in the development of sports during this era?
    Developing rules and governing bodies
  • Where were many of the middle class educated, influencing their role in sport development?
    Public schools
  • What did it mean to be an amateur in sports during the 19th century?
    To not need to be paid to play
  • How was social distinction maintained in cricket teams with both amateurs and professionals?
    Separate changing rooms and cleaning duties
  • What were 'broken-time payments' in the context of sports?
    Compensation for missing work to play
  • What amateur principle did broken-time payments contradict?
    Playing for the sake of the game
  • What was the primary cause of the split in rugby into two codes?
    Tensions over professionalism
  • In what year did rugby split into rugby league and rugby union?
    1895
  • Why were separate golf competitions initially held for amateurs and professionals?
    Professionals did not fit gentlemanly image
  • How did the competitive nature of professionals contrast with the amateur principles in sports?
    Professionals played for money and to win
  • What role did lawn tennis play in the 1870s regarding women?
    Physical and social emancipation of women
  • Why was lawn tennis considered an acceptable form of exercise for women at the time?
    Civilised rule structure and dress code
  • What distinction was created by the Marylebone Cricket Club hiring professionals for bowling and fielding?
    Amateur batsmen and professional bowlers
  • What did separate facilities for Gentlemen and Players indicate about social relations?
    Lack of social mixing off the pitch
  • What expectation was placed on women in the nineteenth century?
    Marry, have children, be financially dependent
  • Why was education for women viewed as frivolous by some in the 19th century?
    Expected to marry and depend on husbands
  • What professions were women allowed to enter during the 19th century?
    Teaching
  • Why was teaching considered a low-status job for women at the time?
    It was badly paid
  • What was the Taunton Royal Commission Report on secondary education about?
    Limitations of schooling for women
  • What did female educational pioneers and campaigners seek to achieve?
    Equal rights for women
  • How did changes in laws and order affect activities for the working class?
    Decline of blood sports
  • Why did the upper classes maintain sports like fox hunting despite concerns about cruelty?
    Law makers supported their interests
  • Why were working-class families reluctant to give up child labor for education?
    Reluctant to give up earnings
  • How did literacy and sport relate to social classes?
    Sophisticated sports for upper/middle classes
  • What were the lower classes more engaged with?
    Public house and wagering
  • Why did more people become involved in sophisticated sports?
    Education was more accessible
  • Why did factory owners start encouraging sports?
    To keep workers healthy and loyal
  • What did employers encourage the formation of?
    Work teams
  • What was a major factor in the development and participation in sport?
    Amount of leisure time available
  • Why did the working class still find participation difficult?
    Lack of disposable income
  • What did the growth of factories and machinery influence?
    Amount of leisure time