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Sport and society
Emergence and evolution of sport
Post industrial Britain
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Created by
Poppy Rolfe
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Cards (71)
What primarily dictated leisure time in pre-industrial Britain?
The amount of work on the
land
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What significant change did the Industrial Revolution bring to the distinction between work and leisure?
A
greater
distinction between work and leisure
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During the early stages of industrialization, how long were typical work shifts in factories?
12-hour
shifts
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What was the significance of Sunday for the working class during industrialization?
A
day of rest
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Why did working people have little time for leisure activities initially during industrialization?
They worked very
long hours
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What kind of events were holidays often based on?
Church-based
holy days
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How did the development of transport, such as railways, affect the leisure activities of the upper classes?
Allowed them to take
sports
further
afield
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What societal factor significantly shaped sports and pastimes in post-industrial Britain?
Strong
social class divisions
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Who comprised the emerging middle class in nineteenth-century Britain?
Professionals
,
factory owners
, and
managers
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What role did the middle class play in the development of sports during this era?
Developing
rules
and
governing
bodies
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Where were many of the middle class educated, influencing their role in sport development?
Public schools
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What did it mean to be an amateur in sports during the 19th century?
To not need to be
paid
to play
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How was social distinction maintained in cricket teams with both amateurs and professionals?
Separate
changing rooms
and
cleaning duties
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What were 'broken-time payments' in the context of sports?
Compensation
for missing
work
to
play
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What amateur principle did broken-time payments contradict?
Playing for the sake of the game
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What was the primary cause of the split in rugby into two codes?
Tensions over
professionalism
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In what year did rugby split into rugby league and rugby union?
1895
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Why were separate golf competitions initially held for amateurs and professionals?
Professionals did not fit
gentlemanly
image
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How did the competitive nature of professionals contrast with the amateur principles in sports?
Professionals
played for money and to win
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What role did lawn tennis play in the 1870s regarding women?
Physical and social emancipation
of women
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Why was lawn tennis considered an acceptable form of exercise for women at the time?
Civilised
rule structure
and dress code
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What distinction was created by the Marylebone Cricket Club hiring professionals for bowling and fielding?
Amateur
batsmen and professional bowlers
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What did separate facilities for Gentlemen and Players indicate about social relations?
Lack of
social
mixing off the
pitch
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What expectation was placed on women in the nineteenth century?
Marry, have children, be financially
dependent
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Why was education for women viewed as frivolous by some in the 19th century?
Expected
to marry and
depend
on husbands
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What professions were women allowed to enter during the 19th century?
Teaching
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Why was teaching considered a low-status job for women at the time?
It was
badly paid
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What was the Taunton Royal Commission Report on secondary education about?
Limitations of schooling for
women
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What did female educational pioneers and campaigners seek to achieve?
Equal rights
for women
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How did changes in laws and order affect activities for the working class?
Decline of
blood sports
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Why did the upper classes maintain sports like fox hunting despite concerns about cruelty?
Law makers
supported their interests
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Why were working-class families reluctant to give up child labor for education?
Reluctant to give up
earnings
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How did literacy and sport relate to social classes?
Sophisticated
sports for
upper
/
middle
classes
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What were the lower classes more engaged with?
Public house
and
wagering
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Why did more people become involved in sophisticated sports?
Education was more
accessible
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Why did factory owners start encouraging sports?
To keep workers
healthy
and
loyal
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What did employers encourage the formation of?
Work teams
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What was a major factor in the development and participation in sport?
Amount of
leisure time
available
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Why did the working class still find participation difficult?
Lack of
disposable income
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What did the growth of factories and machinery influence?
Amount of
leisure time
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