Health

• Malaria causes

  Physical causes

  • Temperature’s must be between 15 + 40°C with high rainfall- this makes the tropics ideal.
  • The presence of the female anopheles mosquito.
  • Humidity of 60 and over, stagnant water, e.g a lake of even a puddle, needed to lay larvae.
  • areas of vegetation for shade to digest food.
• Malaria causes

  Human cause

  • Houses create areas of shade for the mosquitoes to rest.
  • Global air travel contributes to the spread- ’airport malaria’
  • settlement
  • Ya provide large populations for blood meals.
  • Poor sanitation in shanty towns creates areas of stagnant water.
  • Man- made areas or stagnant water, eg paddy fields.
• Maria impacts

  • Malaria customs because seriously ill- if not treated can result quickly in death.
  • Children under 5 often worst affected because they have built up less resistance than adults.
  • malaria serious economic effect on their families as they can’t work they may loose income, child losses out on education.
  • Income may be low and can’t afford food- malnutrition.
  • Crops left unharvested- farmers are too ill to work.
  • The whole economy of malaria affected country can suffer because of low frequently of sick.
  • Few tourists want to visit- threat of malaria hitting the country economically.
• Malaria solutions 


  Treating the host (human)

  • Drugs such as chloroquine
  • Insect repellent: Autan (DEET)
  • Education: cover arms, legs at night when mosquitos are more active to prevent being bitten.
  • Insecticide treated mosquito nets- can’t get through to them/physical barrier.
• malaria solutions 


  treating the vector (mosquito)

  • Mustard seeds in ponds to drag larvae below surface end drown them.
  • Larvae eating fish: Guppies/muddy loch.
  • Insecticides: marathon a DDT
  • Flushing out of dams
  • Drain breeding grounds
  • Genetic engineering to steroids made mosquitoes.
  • Planting eucalyptus trees to soak up moisture.
• What dietary factors can increase the risk of heart disease?

  Poor diet with fatty, processed foods
• How does a poor diet contribute to heart disease?

  It increases cholesterol, narrowing arteries
• What lifestyle factor can raise cholesterol and blood pressure?

  Lack of exercise
• How does lack of exercise affect weight?

  It can lead to weight gain
• What common behavior contributes to lack of exercise?

  Using lifts instead of stairs
• How does smoking affect heart function?

  It increases heart rate and blood pressure
• What is a consequence of increased nicotine levels from smoking?

  More oxygen is needed for heart function
• How does stress impact heart health?

  It can increase blood pressure
• What behavior might result from stress related to eating habits?

  Increased comfort eating of fatty foods
• What genetic factor can influence heart disease risk?

  Inheritance of high blood pressure and cholesterol
• How can parents affect their children's heart disease risk?

  By passing on risk of high blood pressure
• heart disease impacts

  
  

  individual impacts

  • heart attack: coronary arteries narrow so much they cut off blood supply to the heart and the heart cells begin to die as they deprived of oxygen.
  • stroke- blood clots are more likely to form from which can cause them to burst or prevent blood from flowing properly as they are blocked.
  • angina: chest pain when the heart muscles don’t get enough oxygen.
• Heart disease impacts

  Country impacts

  • Health costs increase as a result and more hospital beds may be required which puts an additional strain on the NHS.
  • Lowers the life expectancy of a country as a whole but this can vary between regions- Glasgow has one of the highest rates of heart disease in the UK.
  • Lead to an inability to work which can put a strain on supper services and benefits. this can lower the country’s economic productivity.
• What is an important educational aspect for heart disease solutions?

  Making positive lifestyle choices
• Why is regular exercise important for heart health?

  It helps maintain a healthy heart
• What dietary choice should be avoided to help prevent heart disease?

  Too much fatty food
• How does a healthy diet contribute to heart health?

  It helps reduce strain on the heart
• What type of surgery may be required for heart disease?

  Heart bypass operation
• What is the purpose of heart surgery?

  To repair a damaged part of the heart
• What is a heart transplant used for?

  Severe cases of heart damage
• What is the role of statins in heart disease treatment?

  They help reduce cholesterol levels
• How do beta blockers assist heart health?

  They slow down the heart rate
• What is the purpose of warfarin in heart disease treatment?

  To thin the blood
• What does warfarin reduce the risk of?

  Blood clotting
• What are the main solutions for heart disease?

  • Education on lifestyle choices
  • Healthy diet to avoid fatty foods
  • Heart surgery for damaged parts
  • Heart transplant for severe cases
  • Medication like statins and beta blockers
• HIV/AIDs cases

  • sharing needles- can be transmitted through sharing drug needles and syringes which are contaminated with infected blood
  • sexual transmission- is caused by unprotected sec and the transmission of bodily fluids from an infected person to an uninfected person
  • infected mothers- can be spread from a pregnant person to her unborn child and throughout breast feeding after child birth
  • lack of primary healthcare- this is a contributing factor as many people cannot access condoms, clean needles or other preventative methods.
• HIV/AIDS cases

  • Lack of education- this can increase transmission as many promenade massage of the causes of the disease
  • Infected blood transfusion- when blood is not screened and tested properly before blood transfusions, more frequently in developing countries. People who require regular transfusions are at a greater risk.
• HIV/AIDS impacts

  Individual

  • HIV can be tested and those who contact it can live a long life. However, if HIV develops into AIDS which is not curable and will reduce life span and the ability to live a normal life.
• HIV/AIDS impacts

  Country

  • The death rate will increase and life expectancy will decrease
  • Less food produced as less people are able to work the land
  • More adults ill and unable to work then the economically active population reduced, resulting in labour shortages
  • There may be a loss of tourist revenue if there are known the be specific problems with disease in the area
  • There will be a large number of orphans and solved families
  • The young often become careers missing out on education
• What is the primary treatment for HIV/AIDS?

  ARV drugs
• What is the purpose of ARV drugs?

  They slow the effects of the HIV virus
• What does PrEP stand for?

  Pre-exposure prophylaxis
• How does PrEP help individuals?

  It reduces the chance of HIV infection
• How can pregnant mothers prevent passing HIV to their unborn babies?

  By receiving appropriate medical treatment
• What role does health education play in combating HIV/AIDS?

  It informs parents about disease spread