Factors shaping sport in 21st century

• What factors affect participation in sport in twenty-first century Britain?

  Class, gender, law, order and education
• What factors regarding resources affect participation in sport?

  Time, money and transport
• What two factors have affected the characteristics of sport and levels of participation?

  Globalisation and media coverage
• What is true about the class system in Britain today?

  Less pronounced and more fluid than before
• What is often perceived about participants in professional sports like football?

  Mostly unskilled, unemployed, working-class males
• What can be achieved through sports, releasing people from poverty?

  Social mobility
• What do the media do with this view of social mobility through sport?

  Promote it and create role models
• Which sports in South Wales and the North of England show 'rags to riches' stories?

  Rugby union and rugby league
• What is the definition of social mobility?

  Changes in wealth, education and occupation
• Who participates in sport less than upper/middle-class females?

  Lower socio-economic females
• Which sports are still associated with the upper/middle classes?

  Polo, tennis, and golf
• What type of athletes are disproportionately represented in elite Olympic sport?

  Privately educated, middle-class athletes
• How clear are class divisions in sports like football now compared to the twentieth century?

  By no means as clear
• What happened as a result of the Premier League being marketed as an elite experience?

  Seat prices rose sharply
• What is used to explain the social mechanisms involved with sports participation?

  Marxism
• What does Marxism, or conflict theory, show about society?

  Shaped by economic forces
• What can the theory of Marxism be applied to sport and show?

  Promotes economic exploitation and capitalist expansion
• What does the Marxist perspective suggest sport develops for elite groups?

  Power and privilege
• What has traditionally been associated with the middle classes in sports like cricket and rugby?

  Amateurs
• What has traditionally been associated with the working class in sports like football?

  Professionals
• What is the overall conclusion about sports participants today?

  More diverse backgrounds
• What is true about participation levels between men and women in sport?

  More men get involved
• What is still regarded by some people about being good at or interested in sport?

  'Unfeminine'
• What does the view that being good at or interested in sport is 'unfeminine' do?

  Reinforces male dominance
• What can limiting certain activities to either males or females lead to?

  Discrimination
• What type of activities are mainly followed by females?

  Dance-type activities
• What type of sports are male-dominated?

  Many team sports
• What activities are seeing more interest from women?

  Health and fitness
• What is happening to the participation rates for women in sports like football and rugby?

  Much larger and growing
• What may the increase in female sports presenters in the media encourage?

  More women to take an interest
• What are female sports presenters becoming?

  Role models in sport
• What still exists in sport, despite more female presenters and performers?

  Discrimination prevalent
• What happens to people's sports participation as they age?

  Decreases with age
• What are sports legislation in the twenty-first century?

  Sophisticated and more specific
• What is now more enshrined in law?

  Spectator rights and safety
• What else is more enshrined in law?

  Aggression by players
• What does "socio-economic" describe the interaction of?

  Social and economic factors
• What rights are now more enshrined in law regarding sports?

  Spectators' rights and safety
• Who has the law been increasingly used to protect?

  Officials and referees
• What are football banning orders used for?

  To stop potential trouble-makers