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Cards (244)
Which AQA GCSE biology paper 1 topics are covered in this material?
Cells
, organization, infection, response, and
bioenergetics
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What type of microscope is needed to see subcellular structures?
Electron microscope
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What properties of electron microscopes allow for finer detail observation?
Better resolving power and higher
resolution
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How do you calculate the actual size of a cell using magnification?
Image size
divided by
object size
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What is the name given to cells that have a nucleus?
Eukaryotic cells
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What is the name given to cells that do not have a nucleus?
Prokaryotic cells
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What does it mean for a cell membrane to be semi-permeable?
Allows certain
substances
to pass through
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What is the main function of the cell membrane?
Keeps everything
inside
the cell
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What material makes up the cell wall of plant cells?
Cellulose
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What is the role of the cell wall in plant cells and bacteria?
Providing a
rigid structure
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What is the liquid that makes up the cell called?
Cytoplasm
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What is the purpose of the cytoplasm?
Most
chemical reactions
take place
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Where does respiration take place in a cell?
Mitochondria
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What is the result of respiration?
Releasing
energy
for the cell
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Where are proteins assembled in a cell?
Ribosomes
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Which organelle contains chlorophyll?
Chloroplasts
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What is the function of chlorophyll?
Where
photosynthesis
takes place
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What is stored in the vacuole of a plant cell?
Sap
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Which type of cells contain a permanent vacuole?
Plant cells
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Which process do bacteria use to multiply?
Binary fission
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What is the purpose of using aseptic technique in bacterial culture?
Ensuring
nothing
else
contaminates
the
culture
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Why should the lid of a petri dish be lifted near a flame?
To destroy
microbes
in the air
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Why should a petri dish not be completely sealed with tape?
Air
will not get in
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Why do bacteria need air to get in when incubated?
So they can
respire
aerobically
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At what temperature should bacteria cultures be incubated?
25
degrees
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What formulas are used to calculate the area of bacterial growth?
Ο
r
2
\pi r^2
Ο
r
2
or
Ο
d
2
/
4
\pi d^2 / 4
Ο
d
2
/4
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How is DNA stored in eukaryotic cell nuclei?
In several
chromosomes
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How many pairs of chromosomes do human cells have?
23 pairs
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What term describes cells with paired chromosomes?
Diploid
cells
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How many chromosomes do human gametes have?
23
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What term describes cells with half the normal number of chromosomes?
Haploid
cells
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Why do organisms need to make new cells?
For
growth
and
repair
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By which process do cells duplicate?
Mitosis
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What are the stages of mitosis?
Genetic material
is duplicated
Nucleus breaks down
Chromosomes
pulled to opposite sides
New nuclei form
Two identical cells result
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What happens to cells as they specialize?
They depend on the
function
they need
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What types of cells are nerve and muscle cells?
Specialized cells
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Which cells are undifferentiated?
Stem cells
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Where are stem cells found in animals?
Embryos
and
bone marrow
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Where are stem cells found in plants?
Merry
stem
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What types of cells can bone marrow stem cells produce?
Blood
cells
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