circulatory system

• What is the circulatory system also called?

  Cardiovascular system
• What is the main function of the circulatory system?

  To transport substances around the body
• What organs make up the circulatory system?

  Heart, blood vessels, and blood
• What does blood carry in the circulatory system?

  Oxygen, nutrients, cells, and waste products
• What role do blood vessels play in the circulatory system?

  They hold and direct blood around the body
• What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

  To pump blood through the vessels
• What is a double circulatory system?

  It contains two separate circuits
• What are the two circuits in the double circulatory system?

  Pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit
• What happens in the pulmonary circuit?

  Blood flows from the heart to the lungs
• What happens in the systemic circuit?

  Blood flows from the heart to body tissues
• How does blood flow through the heart?

  From atria to ventricles, then to vessels
• What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?

  Atria
• What are the two lower chambers of the heart called?

  Ventricles
• What do the atrio-ventricular valves do?

  Ensure blood flows in one direction
• Why is it important to remember the orientation of the heart's sides?

  Left and right are reversed in diagrams
• Which ventricle has a thicker muscular wall?

  Left ventricle
• Why does the left ventricle have a thicker wall?

  It pumps blood around the entire body
• What is the body's largest vein?

  Vena cava
• What type of blood flows into the right atrium?

  Deoxygenated blood
• What happens when the right atrium fills with blood?

  It contracts and pumps blood to the right ventricle
• What does the pulmonary artery do?

  Carries blood to the lungs
• How does blood become oxygenated?

  By flowing through the lungs
• What carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  Pulmonary vein
• What happens when the left atrium fills with blood?

  It contracts and pumps blood to the left ventricle
• What is the largest artery in the body?

  Aorta
• What does the aorta do?

  Delivers blood to the body tissues
• What happens to blood after it delivers nutrients and gases?

  It returns to the heart via the vena cava
• What supplies the heart muscle with oxygenated blood?

  Coronary arteries
• What can happen if coronary arteries get blocked?

  It can lead to coronary artery disease
• What is the process of blood circulation in the heart?

  1. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via vena cava.
  2. Right atrium contracts, pumping blood to right ventricle.
  3. Right ventricle pumps blood to lungs via pulmonary artery.
  4. Oxygenated blood returns to left atrium via pulmonary vein.
  5. Left atrium contracts, pumping blood to left ventricle.
  6. Left ventricle pumps blood to body via aorta.
  7. Cycle repeats.
• What are the key differences between the right and left ventricles?

  • Right ventricle:
  • Pumps blood to lungs
  • Thinner muscular wall
  • Left ventricle:
  • Pumps blood to the body
  • Thicker muscular wall
• What are the components of the circulatory system?

  • Heart
  • Blood vessels
  • Blood
• What are the functions of the coronary arteries?

  • Supply oxygenated blood to heart muscle
  • Ensure heart muscle receives nutrients
• What are the four main components of blood?

  Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma
• What is the role of red blood cells?

  • Carry oxygen from lungs to tissues
  • Contain hemoglobin for oxygen transport
  • Form oxyhemoglobin to release oxygen
• What is the abbreviation for red blood cells?

  RBC
• How do red blood cells facilitate oxygen transport?

  They contain hemoglobin that binds oxygen
• What happens to oxyhemoglobin in tissues?

  It splits back into hemoglobin and oxygen
• What are the two adaptations of red blood cells?

  They lack a nucleus and are biconcave
• What percentage of blood do white blood cells make up?

  Less than 1%