HASOPL Lesson 1

Subdecks (1)

Cards (73)

  • Hardware are the physical, tangible parts of a computer
  • Software are the programs and data
  • Programs are a series of instructions
  • Central Processing Unit a chip that executes program commands
  • Main Memory primary storage area for programs
  • Secondary Memory provides long-term storage
  • Input and Output Devices allows user interaction
  • Operating System controls all machine activities
  • Operating System manages resources such as the CPU and memory
  • Operating System provides the user interface to the computer
  • Application Program generic term for any kind of software
  • Analog continuous, in direct proportion to the data represented
  • Digital the information is broken down into pieces, and each piece is represented seperately
  • Magnetic Tape is a sequential access device since its data is arranged in a linear order
  • Central Processing Unit is also called a microprocessor
  • Central Processing Unit follows the fetch-decode-execute cycle
  • Fetch retrieve an instruction from main memory
  • Decode determines what the instruction is
  • Execute carries out the instruction
  • Arithmetic/Logic Unit performs calculations and decisions
  • Control Unit coordinates the processing steps
  • Registers are referred to as small storage areas
  • System Clock controls the speed of the CPU
  • System Clock generates an electronic pulse at regular intervals
  • Monitor has a certain maximum resolution, indicating the number of picture elements (pixels)
  • Modem allows information to be moved across a telephone line
  • File server is a network computer dedicated to storing programs and data that are shared among network users
  • Point-to-point connections are when each computer in networks can be directly connected to each other
  • Local-Area Networks covers a small distance and a small number of computers
  • Local-Area Networks often connects the machines in a single room or building
  • Wide-Area Networks connects two or more LANs, often over long distances
  • Internetworking is defined as communication among networks
  • Protocol is a set of rules that determine how things communicate with each other
  • Internet Protocol determines the format of the information as it is transferred
  • Transmission Control Protocol dictates how messages are reassembled and handles lost information
  • Domain Name System is a software that translates the internet address into an IP address
  • World-Wide Web allows many different types of information to be accessed using a common interface
  • Browser is a program which accesses and presents information
  • Uniform Resource Locator indicates a protocol (http), a domain, and possibly specific domains
  • The software which manages internet communication follows a protocol called TCP/IP