biosphere

• The hydrosphere includes all the water on Earth, including oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and glaciers.
• It also helps regulate temperature through evaporation and transpiration, which cools the surface of the earth.
• Water plays an important role in weather patterns such as rainfall, snowmelt, and runoff.
• Water is essential to life as we know it because it acts as a solvent for nutrients and other substances needed by organisms.
• The cryosphere refers to frozen parts of the hydrosphere, such as snow, sea ice, lake ice, river ice, glaciers, ice sheets, ice caps, permafrost, and seasonally frozen ground.
• The hydrosphere includes all water on or near Earth's surface, including oceans, lakes, rivers, ice caps, glaciers, groundwater, and atmospheric moisture.
• The atmosphere is the gaseous envelope surrounding Earth, consisting mainly of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and trace amounts of other gases.
• The atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding the Earth.
• Biodiversity refers to the variety of different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms that exist within an ecosystem.
• Humans use freshwater resources for drinking, irrigation, industry, transportation, and recreation.
• Freshwater ecosystems are important habitats for many species and play crucial roles in nutrient cycling and carbon storage.
• The atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), with trace amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide, argon, neon, helium, methane, hydrogen, krypton, xenon, and radon.
• Atmosphere provides protection from solar radiation by absorbing ultraviolet light and preventing it from reaching the Earth's surface.
• The atmosphere consists mainly of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), with trace amounts of carbon dioxide, argon, neon, helium, methane, and hydrogen.
• Oxygen supports aerobic respiration, allowing organisms to extract energy from food sources.
• Atmosphere protects from UV radiation
• Sea ice forms when seawater freezes at temperatures below 0°C (32°F).
• Glaciers are slow-moving bodies of ice formed over many years by the accumulation of snow and compaction under pressure.
• Biosphere - All living things and their interactions with non-living components of the environment
• Air pressure decreases with altitude due to the weight of air above it.