Validity

• What does validity in psychology fundamentally ask about?

  It asks if something is true or accurate.
• Why is questionability important in psychology?

  It helps to identify potential biases in research.
• What are the two types of validity discussed in psychological research?

  Internal validity and external validity.
• What does questioning internal validity involve?

  Determining if the independent variable caused the change.
• What is a confounding variable?

  A third factor affecting the dependent variable.
• What does external validity assess?

  Generalizability of findings to real-world behavior.
• What is ecological validity?

  Generalizability of findings across different settings.
• What is mundane realism?

  How close a task is to real-life situations.
• What is population validity?

  Generalizability of findings to the broader population.
• What is temporal validity?

  Applicability of findings across different time periods.
• What is face validity?

  Whether a measure appears to assess what it claims.
• What is concurrent validity?

  Comparison of a new test with an established one.
• What is predictive validity?

  Ability to accurately predict future performance.
• How can internal validity be improved?

  By excluding extraneous variables in the study.
• How can external validity be improved?

  By replicating the study in different settings.
• How can temporal validity be improved?

  By replicating studies in modern contexts.
• What are the main types of validity in psychological research?

  • Internal validity: Causality between IV and DV
  • External validity: Generalizability to real-world behavior
  • Ecological validity: Generalizability across settings
  • Population validity: Generalizability to broader populations
  • Temporal validity: Applicability across time
• What are the biases that can affect internal validity?

  • Social desirability bias
  • Demand characteristics
  • Investigator effects
  • Researcher bias
  • Poorly controlled studies
• What methods can improve the validity of psychological research?

  • Random allocation
  • Standardized procedures
  • Counterbalancing
  • Single and double-blind techniques
  • Peer review system
• What are the implications of low mundane realism in psychological studies?

  • Results may not reflect real-life behavior
  • Tasks may be too artificial for participants
  • Findings may lack generalizability
• What are the consequences of gender and culture bias in psychological research?

  • Exclusion of certain populations
  • Misrepresentation of typical human behavior
  • Limited applicability of findings
• How can researchers assess validity in their studies?

  • Face validity: Does it look valid?
  • Concurrent validity: Comparison with established tests
  • Predictive validity: Accurate future predictions