Virology

• taxonomy: naming, describing, classifying, binomial nomenclature
• phylogeny: how organisms relate to each other
• taxon: grouping at any level
• evolution: changes in allele frequencies from generation to generation
• natural selection: beneficial traits increase in frequency over generations
• what can viruses not do?

  metabolic processes, reproduce independent of host, contain nucleus cytoplasm or organelles
• viruses types: intracellular, subcellular, parasites
• viruses are compose of capsid + genome
• viruses are usually smaller than cells
• viruses replicate within cells and use cell's resources for their own life
• viral structure: DNA or RNA, single or double stranded, circular linear segmented
• capsid: protein coat of a virus
• capsid is made of capsomeres
• capsomeres: capsid proteins
• envelopes: phospholipid bilayer surrounding capsid
• envelopes are only present in some viruses, acquired from host, contains host and virus proteins
• host range: species or tissue that a particular virus can affect
• general replication cycle: 1. bind to host cell 2. genome enters cell 3. genome replication and gene expression 4. assembly 5. exit
• lytic cycle uses horizontal transmission
• horizontal transmission: host to host
• what type of phage only does lytic cycle?

  Virulent phage
• lysogenic cycle uses vertical transmission
• vertical transmission: parent to offspring
• lysogenic cycle: phage genome integrates into bacterial chromosome, both host and genome replicate
• what type of phage can do both lytic and lysogenic cycles?

  temperate phage