Spring 2024 SPI Ch 1-4

• hair color and shoe size

  unrelated
• weight and date of birth

  unrelated
• temperature and day of the week

  unrelated
• weight and dieting

  related/proportional
• santa and christmas

  related/proportional
• exam score and studying

  related/proportional
• dental health and flossing

  related/proportional
• clothing size and weight

  directly related/directly proportional
• age and experience

  directly related/directly proportional
• skill and practice

  directly related/directly proportional
• quality of wine and age

  directly related/directly proportional
• golf score and skill

  inversely related/inversely proportional
• car’s gas mileage and engine size

  inversely related/inversely proportional
• grades in school and partying time

  inversely related/inversely proportional
• reciprocal relationship

  when 2 numbers multiplied together, the result is 1
• unit of length (distance or circumference)

  cm

  feet
• unit of area

  cm^2

  ft^2
• unit of volume

  cm^3

  ft^3
• “increase by a factor” means—

  multiple by that number
• “decrease by a factor” means—

  divide by that number
• a number followed by the word “percent” is unitless
• all numerical data must have corresponding units of measurement
• a number with a positive exponent has a value greater than 10
• a number with a negative exponent has a value less than 1
• a number with an exponent of zero has a value between 1 and 10
• symbol: M

  prefix: mega

  meaning: million

  exponent: 10^6
• symbol: k


  prefix: kilo

  meaning: thousand

  exponent: 10^3
• symbol: c

  prefix: centi

  meaning: hundredth

  exponent: 10^-2
• symbol: m

  prefix: milli

  meaning: thousandth

  exponent: 10^-3
• symbol: n

  prefix: nano

  meaning: billionth

  exponent: 10^-9
• symbol: µ

  prefix: micro

  meaning: millionth

  exponent: 10^-6
• all waves carry energy from one location to another, these waves include:

  heat

  sound

  magnetic

  light
• sound is a mechanical wave in which particles in the medium move
• sound pulses created by a transducer travel through biologic tissue aka media
• sound cannot travel though a vacuum (empty space); it must travel through a medium
• the effects of the medium upon the sound wave

  acoustic propagation properties
• the effects of the sound wave upon the biologic tissue through which it passes

  biologic effects
• compressed


  squeezed together
• rarefied


  stretched apart
• sound travels in a straight line