matter

• matter is anything that has mass and volume
• mass is the amount of matter in a substance
• mass is often measured in grams
• volume is the amount of space occupied by the substance
• volume is often measured in litres
• chemical change occurs when two substances combine to form new substances
• in physical change no new substances are formed and there is the change in appearance.
• state the particle model of matter

  • matter is made up of very small particles
  • particles that make up matter are always moving
  • there are spaces between particles
  • Particles are attracted one another
• kinetic energy is the energy of motion
• kinetic molecular theory explains what happen to the matter when the kinetic energy changes
• state kinetic molecular theory-

  • matter is made up of very small particles
  • particles have empty spaces between them
  • energy makes particles move
  • particles are constantly moving
• change of state occurs when mater changes from one pf thesis states into another
• the temperature at which solid changes into liquid is called melting point
• the temperature at which liquid changes into gas is called boiling point
• condensation is gas to liquid
• evaporation which is liquid to gas
• deposition which is gas to solid
• sublimation which is solid to gas
• solidification is when liquid changes into solid
• melting is the change of state from solid to liquid
• physical properties are the characteristics that can be measured or observed
• qualitative properties are the characteristics that can be described but not measured
• quantitative properties are the characteristics that can be measured
• a pure substance is a substance that is made up of only one type of matter
• there are two pure substances elements and compounds
• compound is a pure substance that is composed of at least two elements combined in a specific way
• element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler pieces
• the main purpose of alchemists was to turn base mateatls into gold
• an atom is the smallest particle of an element that retain its properties
• atoms are made up of three subatomic particles neutrons, protons and electrons.
• electrons are negatively charged particles
• protons are positively charged particles
• neutrons are neutral
• nucleus is the tiny region in the centre of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons
• nucleus is positively charged
• nucleus carries the most mass of the atom
• electrons are spinning around the nucleus in specific energy levels and are accounted for the size of the atom
• neutrons are almost equal to the mass of the protons
• homogenous mixture is a mixture in which the components are uniformly distributed throughout the whole mixture
• heterogenous mixture is a mixture in which you can see different parts of the substance