history cold war

• What event led to a challenge to Soviet authority in Czechoslovakia?

  Relaxation of control in Czechoslovakia
• What was the impact of Soviet rule on Czechoslovakia?

  Economy and living standards declined
• Who became the Czechoslovakian leader in January 1968?

  Alexander Dubček
• What did Dubček want to achieve with his reforms?

  Make communism better and easier to live under
• What term did Dubček use to describe his vision for communism?

  Socialism with a human face
• What was the 'Prague Spring'?

  A period of increased political freedom
• How did Dubček's reforms affect censorship in Czechoslovakia?

  Relaxation of censorship allowed more freedom
• What changes did Dubček's reforms bring to the political landscape?

  Allowed other parties alongside the Communist Party
• What was the effect of Dubček's reforms on the Czechoslovakian parliament?

  More power was given to the parliament
• What economic reform was introduced during Dubček's leadership?

  Market socialism allowed capitalist elements
• How did the secret police's powers change under Dubček?

  The powers of the secret police were reduced
• How did students and intellectuals respond to Dubček's reforms?

  They welcomed the reforms enthusiastically
• Why were some Czechoslovaks unhappy with Dubček's reforms?

  They lost power and status due to reforms
• How did older Czechoslovakian communists react to the Prague Spring?

  They were horrified and feared collapse
• What was Brezhnev's dilemma regarding Dubček's reforms?

  Military action would damage Soviet reputation
• What was the Berlin Wall built to prevent?

  East Berliners traveling to West Berlin
• When was the Berlin Wall constructed?

  August 1961
• What was Khrushchev's solution to the refugee problem in Berlin?

  Building the Berlin Wall
• What happened to East Berliners trying to cross the Wall?

  They would be shot
• What was the outcome of the Berlin Wall construction for West Berlin?

  West Berlin was completely cut off
• How did the construction of the Berlin Wall affect military alerts?

  Number of military alerts declined
• What did President Kennedy say about the Berlin Wall?

  A wall was better than a war
• What did the Berlin Wall symbolize for the West?

  Enduring symbol of freedom
• How many people were killed trying to cross the Berlin Wall?

  Over 200 people
• What was the Iron Curtain?

  Division between East and West Europe
• What did the Brezhnev Doctrine declare?

  Soviet right to invade Eastern bloc countries
• What happened to Dubček after the Soviet invasion?

  He was arrested
• Who took control of Czechoslovakia after Dubček?

  Gustav Husak
• What was the term used for the return to strict Soviet control in Czechoslovakia?

  Normalization
• How did the USA respond to the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?

  They condemned the invasion but did nothing
• What event occurred on 26 June 1963?

  Speech by John F. Kennedy
• What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?

  • Established by Leonid Brezhnev
  • Justified Soviet intervention in Eastern bloc countries
  • Aimed to maintain control over Eastern Europe
• Why did Brezhnev invade Czechoslovakia in August 1968?

  To stop Dubček's reforms and maintain control
• What was the outcome of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia?

  Czechoslovakia returned to strict Soviet control
• What did the Brezhnev Doctrine declare regarding Eastern bloc countries?


  The right to invade if security was threatened
• What was the reaction of Western European communist parties to the invasion?

  They declared independence from the Soviet Party
• Which countries backed off from the Soviet Union after the invasion?

  Yugoslavia and Romania
• Why was the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia significant for Eastern Europe?

  It enforced strict adherence to Soviet-style communism
• How did the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia affect superpower relations?

  It did not significantly damage détente
• What was the impact of the invasion on Brezhnev's mindset?

  He felt complacent about Soviet military interventions