Poetry

• metrum

  where/how words are stressed -> unchangable

  The most common feet found in metred poetry are:

  Iambs (unstressed-stressed, most frequent)

  Trochees (stressed-unstressed)

  Spondees (stressed-stressed)

  Dactyls (stressed-unstressed-unstressed)

  Anapaests (unstressed-unstressed-stressed)

  Pyrrhic (unstressed-unstressed; only ever occurs with two words: “and the” or “we are”)
• The most common number of feet found in lines of poetry are:

  Monometre (one foot) 

  Diametre (two feet) 

  Trimetre (three feet) 

  Tetrametre (four feet) 

  Pentametre (five feet) 

  Hexametre (six feet)
• Main types of poems:

  Formal verse: Poetry that has both a strict meter and rhyme scheme

  Blank verse: Poetry that has strict metre, but doesn't have a rhyme scheme

  Free verse: Poetry that has neither a strict metre nor rhyme scheme
• WHAT IS POETRY?

  · Illusion of immediacy -> effect of subjectivity

  ·Relatively short

  · Related to music songs

  ·consisting of verses -> metre, rhyme

  · lines organised in stanzas, poetic genre

  · self-reflexivity -> poem talks about its own status as poem, self-awareness

  · use of figurative language
• Metaphor: “1) a shortened or implicit comparison, which substitutes one concept for another, or 2) as an interaction between two concepts, which transfers meanings.
• Vehicle (Bildspender) and tenor (Bildempfänger)
• Example: Achilles is a lion
• Simile: comparison
• Metonymy: Figures of similarity, contiguity and association
• Synecdoche: Part stands for the whole (pars pro toto) or whole stands for the part
• Anaphora: Repetition of a word or a group of words at the beginning of consecutive sentences or verses
• Epiphora: Repetition of a word or a group of words at the end of consecutive sentences or verses
• Chiasmus: Repetition of two consecutive phrases or sentences with a reversed word order