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Cards (60)
What are compulsions in OCD?
Actions
carried out
repeatedly
to reduce
anxiety
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How do compulsions function in OCD?
They are repeated to alleviate
anxiety
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What is avoidance in the context of OCD?
Avoiding situations that trigger
anxiety
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What emotional characteristics are associated with OCD?
Anxiety
and
distress
from
obsessive
thoughts
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What feelings are often experienced in OCD?
Irrational
guilt
and
disgust
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What are obsessive thoughts in OCD?
Recurring
intrusive
thoughts prompting compulsions
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What does insight into excessive anxiety mean in OCD?
Awareness that thoughts and behaviors are
irrational
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What are candidate genes in relation to OCD?
Specific
genes
creating
vulnerability
for OCD
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How do serotonin genes relate to OCD?
They
are involved
in
serotonin
transmission
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What role do dopamine genes play in OCD?
They are implicated in the disorder's
development
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Is OCD caused by a single gene?
No, it is
polygenic
with multiple genes involved
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How many genes have been identified in relation to OCD?
Up to
230
genes are involved
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How can different genetic variations affect OCD?
They may cause
different
types
of
OCD
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What is the role of neurotransmitters in OCD?
They relay information between
neurons
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What happens if someone has low serotonin levels?
Mood-relevant
information
transmission
is
impaired
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What brain area is associated with impaired decision making in OCD?
The
lateral frontal lobes
of the brain
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What is the function of the left parahippocampal gyrus in OCD?
It processes
unpleasant
emotions
abnormally
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What is a strength of the biological explanation of OCD?
It has supporting evidence for
genetic links
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What is a limitation of the biological explanation of OCD?
Too many genes have been
identified
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How might environmental factors influence OCD?
They may contribute to the development of
OCD
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What is a potential issue with the serotonin-OCD link?
It
may
not
be
unique
to
OCD
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What is the aim of drug therapy for OCD?
To adjust
neurotransmitter
levels in the brain
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How do SSRIs work in treating OCD?
They prevent
serotonin
reabsorption and breakdown
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What is the typical daily dosage of SSRIs?
20mg
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How long does it take for SSRIs to impact symptoms?
3-4
months of daily use
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Why are SSRIs combined with CBT in OCD treatment?
To reduce
emotional
symptoms
for
better
engagement
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What are tricyclics in relation to OCD treatment?
They affect
serotonin
but have severe side effects
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What do SNRIs do in treating OCD?
They increase
serotonin
and
norepinephrine
levels
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What is a strength of drug therapy for OCD?
It is
effective
and
cost-effective
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What is a limitation of drug therapy for OCD?
It can have side effects for
patients
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What is the definition of deviation from mental health?
Deviation from ideal mental health
criteria
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What are the criteria for ideal mental health?
Includes
self-actualization
and coping with
stress
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What is a strength of the deviation from mental health definition?
It is
comprehensive
in its approach
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What is a limitation of the deviation from mental health definition?
It has an unrealistic high
standard
for health
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What does statistical infrequency refer to?
Behaviors that are
rare
are considered abnormal
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What is a strength of statistical infrequency?
It has real-life applications in
psychology
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What is a limitation of statistical infrequency?
Unusual
characteristics can also be positive
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What does deviation from social norms mean?
Behaviors that differ from
societal
expectations
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What is a limitation of deviation from social norms?
Social norms are
culturally
relative
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What does failure to function adequately refer to?
Inability
to cope with everyday life
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