landforms

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• As the inlet continues to erode, it curves inwards, and a bay is formed, usually with a beach.
• Geology shapes the coastline vertically through the height and profile of a cliff and horizontally with bays and headlands.
• Erosional Landforms such as headlands and bays occur where there are alternating bands of hard and soft rocks run perpendicular to oncoming waves, creating a discordant coastline.
• Coastlines of more resistant, harder rock will take longer to erode and produce rugged landscapes such as headlands.
• At first, the soft rock, such as clay, is eroded backward, forming an inlet.
• Soft Rock cliffs are generally lower and less steep, with a smoother foot.
• A coastline made up of softer rocks such as sands and clays will be easily eroded by destructive waves to form low, flat landscapes such as bays and beaches.
• Hard Rock cliffs are generally high and steep, with a bare rock and rugged foot.
• The differences between hard and soft rocks will also impact the shape and characteristics of cliffs.
• Geology shapes the coastline over time, place and space.
• The hard rock, such as granite, is eroded more slowly, producing a rugged landscape with few rocks, some sand and mud.
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• Sandbars can also form offshore due to the action of breaking waves from a beach.
• Softer rocks behind the limestone have been washed away leaving an eroding line of chalk cliffs.
• Lulworth Cove is a small bay that was formed when a gap was eroded in the band of tough limestone, with the entrance to the cove narrow because the harder band of limestone is more resistant to erosion.
• A spit is a landform that slowly builds up to sea level and extends in length.
• The area behind the spit becomes sheltered, allowing silts to accumulate and form salt marshes or mud flats.
• Old Harry and his wife sit at the end of The Foreland, with the chalk headland having eroded to form caves, arches and a stack (Old Harry) and further erosion resulting in a stump called Old Harry's Wife.
• There is a shallow lagoon behind the tombolo called The Fleet Lagoon.
• When a spit grows across a bay, and joins two headlands together, a bar of sand is formed (sandbar).
• The geology of the Dorset coast is perfect for both erosional and depositional landforms, with bands of soft clay and harder limestone and chalk eroding at different rates to create headlands, bays, arches, a long tombolo and more.
• Chesil Beach is an 18-mile-long pebble tombolo formed through the process of longshore drift, joining the Isle of Portland to the mainland.
• If the wind changes direction, the wave pattern alters and results in a hooked end.
• Sediment can accumulate due to increased friction, leading to the formation of a spit.
• Swanage sits on two beach bays called Studland Bay and Swanage Bay, with a headland of harder chalk, The Foreland, between them.
• Longshore drift contributes to spit and bar formation.
• Durdle Door is an example of an arch formation, with wave erosion opening a crack in the tough limestone headland and further erosion leading to a cave which developed into an arch in the headland.