Biochemistry

• Active transport is the transport that does require energy, goes against the concentration gradient
• Carrier protein use facilitated diffusion to transport large molecules into or out of the cell, changes shape
• Channel protein are proteins that create “holes” in the membrane of a cell, to allow transport of certain molecules in the gradient
• concentration gradient build up or difference of concentration occur across the membrane
• Diffusion is the process when particles move to an area of low concentration From an area of high concentration
• Dipole-dipole bonding: attractive forces between (+) and (-) ends of 2 polar molecules
• Endocyctosis is the process which the particles are brought into the cell, surrounded by membrane and pinched off to be enveloped
• Endothermic is a reaction or process that aborbs or regulates heat
• Exothermic is a reaction or process that releases heat
• Fluid mosaic model describes the structure of a cell membrane as a dynamic flexible structure
• Hydrogen bond is the type of polar bond that is the strongest covalent bonds, when a hydrogen bond to electronegative atoms such as F,O and N
• Hydrophillic water loving part of phospholipid membrane
• Hydrophobic the water hating part of a phospholipid membrane that avoids water at all costs
• Intermolecular forces hold a molecule together; London dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding
• Intramolecular forces hold 2 atoms to form a a molecule; covalent or ionic
• isomer is 2 compounds that have the same molecular formula, but are structurally different
• London forces temporarily attractive forces that result when electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atom from temporary dipoles (polar bonds)
• Non polar molecules that do not have any electrical or partial charges
• organic molecule are made up of carbon and hydrogen backbones
• Passive transport that does not require energy, occurs with the concentration gradient
• oxidation: a chemical change that involves the transfer of electrons or oxygen among atoms, loses electrons
• Phagocytosis is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating large particles
• Pinocytosis is the process for ingesting and eliminating small particles
• Polar molecule is an uneven distribution of change across, resulting in one side being slightly positive and one side Ewing slightly negative
• Reduction is a reaction in which molecules gain electrons