control of blood glucose concentration

• What hormone is used to control blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin
• What is the role of insulin in blood glucose control?

  It triggers cells to take up glucose
• What happens to blood glucose concentration after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

  It rises and is sensed by the pancreas
• How does insulin affect liver and muscle cells?

  It triggers them to store glucose as glycogen
• What is homeostasis in relation to blood glucose concentration?

  Maintaining a constant glucose level in blood
• What condition occurs when blood glucose control is ineffective?

  Diabetes
• What is the main issue in type 1 diabetes?

  The pancreas does not produce enough insulin
• How does blood glucose concentration differ between a person with type 1 diabetes and one without?

  Type 1 diabetes has persistently high glucose levels
• What do people with type 1 diabetes do when their blood glucose rises too much?

  They inject themselves with insulin
• What is the main issue in type 2 diabetes?

  Body cells stop responding to insulin
• How is type 2 diabetes often treated?

  With a controlled carbohydrate diet
• What lifestyle change is advised for people with type 2 diabetes?

  Regular exercise
• What is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• What hormone is released when blood glucose concentration falls?

  Glucagon
• What does glucagon trigger in the liver?

  Conversion of glycogen back to glucose
• How does blood glucose concentration fluctuate throughout the day?

  It rises and falls due to insulin and glucagon
• Why do scientists say insulin and glucagon form a negative feedback cycle?

  They have opposite effects on glucose concentration
• What are the key differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

  • Type 1: Insufficient insulin production
  • Type 2: Body cells stop responding to insulin
  • Type 1 requires insulin injections
  • Type 2 managed with diet and exercise
• What is the process of blood glucose regulation?

  1. Blood glucose rises after meals
  2. Pancreas releases insulin
  3. Cells take up glucose and store it as glycogen
  4. Blood glucose returns to normal
  5. If blood glucose falls, pancreas releases glucagon
  6. Glucagon converts glycogen back to glucose
  7. Blood glucose rises again