sci

• The Philippines – one of the world’s biodiversity hotspot.
• Biodiversity hotspot – biodiversity which is threatened by destruction.
• Local extinction or extirpation – a species may be extinct in a particular area, but still exist elsewhere.
• Extant species – species that are not extinct.
• Endangered species – near extinction
• Functionally extinct – preserved and maintain only in zoos
• Endemic – species that have been identified and described.
• Climate change – change in weather patterns that lasts over a long period.
• Climate – characteristic atmospheric conditions
• Acid rain – chemical reactions of sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide with water molecules.
• Habitat destruction – because of agriculture, logging, mining and many more.
• Habitat fragmentation – breaking of larger habitats into smaller pieces.
• Pollution – potentially harmful substances.
• Pollutants – substances that cause pollution.
• Overexploitation – supply of food and other resources to be exhausted.
• Poaching – illegal act of hunting
• Lolong – largest crocodile caught in the Philippines
• Habitat protection – key to protect and save the endangered species.
• Captive breeding – facilating the mating of threatened species.
• Energy – ability to do work.
• Photosynthesis – process that shows how light energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy in food.
• Adenosine triphosphate – nutrients that release energy in the form of an energy compound.
• Heterotrophs – “other eating” cannot synthesize their own food
• Autotrophs- “self feeding” synthesize their own food
• Photoautotrophs – include green plants and purple bacteria
• Chemoautotrophs – bacteria, synthesize organic substances
• Reduction-oxidation or redox reactions – involve the stable transfer of electrons between atoms.
• NADP+ and NADPH – oxidized and reduced forms
• Epidermis – the leaf’s mesophyll layer, the layer next to the outer surface layer cell
• Thylakoids – disk-shaped structures
• Stroma – gel-like matrix
• Stomata – openings on leaves through which gases can pass into and out of the plant
• Grana – stacks of thylakoid
• Chlorophyll – green pigment
• Photons – consisting of discrete particles
• Pigments – molecules that absorbs photons
• Chlorophyll a – major photosynthetic pigments
• Accessory pigments – absorb light waves not absorbed by chlorophyll a
• Chlorophyll b – yellow green
• Carotenoids – deep orange