cell structure

• What type of cells are animal and plant cells?

  Eukaryotic cells
• What is the genetic material found in eukaryotic cells?

  DNA
• What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?

  Single-celled, no nucleus, loop of DNA
• What do bacteria have that eukaryotic cells do not?

  Plasmids
• What is the role of the mitochondria? 

  Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration, so they release energy for the cell. 
• what is the role of chloroplasts?

  • Chloroplasts carry out the process of photosynthesis, which involves using light energy from the sun to make glucose. 
  • The green pigment that absorbs the light energy is called chlorophyll. This is what makes plants green.
• what is the role of a vacuole

  • The vacuole is a large sac in the middle of the cell that contains a watery solution of sugars and salts (cell sap). It helps maintain the structure and shape of the cell.
• what is the cell wall made of

  cellulose- makes it strong and helps maintain the shape of the cell
• What are cells considered in biology?

  Basic building blocks of life
• What is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently?

  Cells
• How do bacteria reproduce when they divide?

  They produce a whole new organism
• What distinguishes multicellular organisms from unicellular organisms?

  Multicellular organisms contain many cells
• How many types of cells are thought to be in an adult human?

  Over 40 trillion cells
• What are subcellular structures also known as?

  Organelles
• What surrounds both animal and plant cells?

  Cell membranes
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  Controls substances passing in and out
• What contains the genetic material of the cell?

  Nucleus
• What is cytoplasm compared to?

  Water filling a water balloon
• What is the role of mitochondria in cells?

  Provide energy through aerobic respiration
• What do ribosomes do in a cell?

  Site of protein synthesis
• What additional structure do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

  Rigid cell wall
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

  Provides support and structure
• What is contained in the permanent vacuole of plant cells?

  Cell sap
• What is the process that occurs in chloroplasts?

  Photosynthesis
• What substance in chloroplasts absorbs light energy?

  Chlorophyll
• What type of cells are bacteria classified as?

  Prokaryotic cells
• What do bacterial cells lack that eukaryotic cells have?

  Mitochondria and chloroplasts
• How is bacterial DNA organized?

  Single circular strand free in cytoplasm
• What are plasmids in bacteria?

  Small rings of DNA with extra genes
• What is the function of flagella in bacteria?

  Propel bacteria for movement
• How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in terms of structure?

  Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus
• What is the significance of the circular chromosome in bacteria?

  Contains all genes for survival
• What is the main difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

  Unicellular organisms consist of one cell