Biology Test 1

• The need to interact with environment and use energy

  Cell theory
• Which feature is required for a molecule to be considered biological?

  carbon backbone
• Type of molecule made of a single building block is?

  Monomer
• Type of molecule that is very large, poly?

  Polymer
• What are large molecules made of two or more monomers?

  Macromolecule
• What are the four classes of biological molecules?

  Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and lipids
• What are three functions of carbohydrates?

  Store energy, drive production of ATP, and structural support
• Carbs are water-loving and dissolve easily in water, so they are?

  Hydrophilic
• Lipids don't dissolve easily in water so they are?

  Hydrophobic
• What is this?

  Monosaccaride

  
• Glucose is what type of carb?

  Monosaccharide
• Sucrose is what type of carb?

  Disaccharide
• Starch is what type of carb?

  Polysaccharide
• What is this?

  Polysaccharide

  
• Each carbon along the backbone has the maximum number of hydrogen bonds is what type of fatty acid?

  Saturated
• One or more carbons along the backbone have to let go of hydrogens and form a double bond, this is what type of fatty acid?

  Unsaturated
• What is this?

  Unsaturated fatty acid

  
• What is triglyceride made of?

  Made of three fatty acid tails and glycerol
• What are phospholipids made from?

  two fatty acid tails and phosphate group
• What is this?

  Triglyceride

  
• What is the function of trigyceride?

  main storage form of lipids
• What is the function of phospholipids?

  used as basis of cell membrane (walls)
• What are the main functions of lipids?

  Structure, high energy molecules, and signaling molecules (testosterone and estrogen)
• What is the overall structure of proteins?

  Made from long chains of amino acids (monomers)
• Label this:

  A) hydrogen

  B) amino

  C) carboxyl

  D) R

  
• What are two main functions of proteins?

  enzymes are catalysts and are receptors
• What is the structure of nucleic acids?

  made from nucleotide monomers
• Label:

  A) phosphate

  B) sugar

  C) nitrogenous base

  
• What are the functions of nucleic acids?

  serve as energy carrier molecules and store information
• Reactions/pathways that consume cellular energy (net input)?

  anabolic
• Reactions/pathways that release cellular energy (net production)?

  catabolic
• what is the sum of all chemical reactions in a cell?

  metabolism
• what is the relationship between anabolic, catabolic, and metabolism?

  anabolic + catabolic = metabolism
• What type of process is this?

  anabolic

  
• What type of process is this?

  catabolic

  
• What is known as the reactants starting material, chemical, or molecule of a reaction or pathway?

  substrate
• What is made through a reaction or pathway?

  Product
• What helps speed up a reaction, there are two names?

  catalyst and enzyme
• Label the model:

  A) enzyme

  B) enzyme

  C) substrate

  D) product

  
• What do enzymes do to the activation energy of a reaction?

  They lower it