history ch. 21 vocab

• absolutism?


  The idea that all kings/queens had absolute power
• absolute monarch?


  consisted off kings or queens who held all power within their state/boundrys. Their goal was to control every aspect of society
• divine right?


  The belief that a monarch's authority comes directly from God.
• Phillip ii?


  A hapsburg ruler Inherited spanish netherlands and american colonies for dad charles v. He was a strong but shy ruler. Evenually inherited portugal after their king died
• skepticism?


  the idea that nothing can be known for certain
• Rene descartes?


  philosopher that influenced modern thinkers and helped develope scientific method. He believed math common knowledge was the best way to develop new ideas
• louis xiv?


  one of strongest french ruler who surrounded himself with wealth. He decreased power of nobles and increased gov. power
• war of spanish succession?


  all of europe and France were ruled by french bourbons and other countries felt threatened by this and started war
• 30 years war?


  conflict over religion, territory, and power. Protestant princes united against catholic hapsburg family
• peace of westphalia?


  ended the 30 years war and weakened hapsburg family strengthening france
• The hapsburgs?


  A strong ruling catcholic family who ruled much if the area around france
• The Hohenzollerns?


  a family that came together in austria with a goal to threaten central europes balance of power
• Maria Theresa?


  charles iv oldest daughter who was elected to be ruler of all hapsburg territories
• fredrick the great?


  ruler of prussia who encouraged religious toleration and legal reform. Believed a ruler should be like a father to his people
• Ivan the terrible?


  a russian ruler who expanded russia and added new lands. was a great ruler until his wife dies and he began to rule through fear
• st basils cathedral?


  built by ivan the terrible in moscow, Russia. Romanesc style cathedral, rounded and very colorful.
• peter the great?

  A romanov ruler. He connected russia to europe and focused on westerization. He traveled to europe to learn about their culture
• westernization?


  peter wanted russia to become more like europe to compete with great powers. He used europe as a model for russian change
• st. Petersburg?


  Peter fought to build this warm port city to compete with european countries. He forced nobles and other civilians to move there
• Romanov family?


  Needed new ruler after Ivan and Anastasia his wife was a Romanov so that family of nobles meet to choose new ruler
• Parliament?


  they didnt have enough money to give english rulers. There were many disputes between parliment and monarchs
• charles i?


  after dispute with parliment and asking people for taxes he was disliked. He eventually fled london to raise army in england to fight in english civil war
• english civil war?


  fued between cavaliers and puritans. Puritans defeated cavaliers leading to charles i execution
• Oliver Cromwell?

  puritan leader who eventually reformed english society
• Restoration?


  After crowwell died charles ii became ruler and restored the monarchy
• habeas corpus?

  prisoners had the right to be brought before a judge to specify charges
• glorious revolution?


  james ii took over charles ii. James was catholic and people hated that but his oldest daughter and hisband were peotestant and overthrew james
• constitutional monarchy?


  laws limited monarchs power. Parliment and monarchs worked together
• english bill of rights?


  made clear limits to royal power. And no British monarch could tule without parliaments consent
• what where strengths and weaknesses of the spanish empire?


  they where a very wealthy empire but that wealth led to lots of financial problems and inflation
• who was louis xiii?


  he came to power in paris after henry iv and was a very weak ruler so he appointed cardinal Richelieu to make up for that
• who was Cardinal Richelieu?

  Appointed by louis xiii who was a weak ruler in paris to help him rule/ make up for his weakness
• who was louis xiv?


  when of the most powerful rulers in french history and helped to make france one of the most powerful countries in europe
• what was the palace of versailles?

  house/ mini town of louis xil. This was a symbol of his power and wealth. This palace was like a mini town right outside of france where many peasants and serfs worked
• who was Marie theresa?


  ruler of Hapsburg empire and faces many years of war during her reign
• why did the english civil war take place?

  Parliment passed new laws limiting royal power. Charles i got angry and fled to london to raise an army
• who took over england after english civil war?

  puritan ruler Oliver crownwell
• who is the famous ruler that dissolved parliment?

  charles i