Stuarts

• After the Second Bishops' War, Charles agreed to call a parliament but refused to accept its demands.
• In 1648, the Rump Parliament passed an ordinance that allowed them to try anyone who opposed the Commonwealth without trial.
• Charles II had no choice but to agree with the demands made by the Long Parliament as he needed their support against his enemies.
• Charles II's mistresses were Barbara Palmer (Lady Castlemaine) and Louise de Keroualle (Duchess of Portsmouth)
• It helped to establish a system by which the English Parliament controlled the crown, making England a constitutional monarchy.
• The English Civil War was fought between the Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and the Royalists (Cavaliers) from 1642 until 1651.
• Charles II's marriage to Catherine of Braganza brought England into the war with France
• James VI of Scotland became James I of England and Ireland, uniting the crowns of the three kingdoms.
• The New Model Army was formed by Fairfax in 1645 as a professional army with a standing force of around 20,000 men.
• Cromwell became Lord Protector in December 1653.
• King James I faced opposition from the Puritans due to his religious beliefs.
• The Great Plague killed around 75000 people
• James I believed in the divine right of kings and supported the Church of England.
• The Navigation Acts restricted trade to English ships only
• The Act of Settlement was passed in 1701, ensuring that Catholics could not become king or queen of England
• Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1653.
• William III became King William III when Mary died in 1694
• Mary married William III of Orange in 1677
• The Restoration saw the return of the monarchy under King Charles II in 1660.
• The Navigation Acts restricted trade to British ships only, benefiting merchants like Sir Robert Vyner
• King James II was overthrown in the Glorious Revolution of 1689.
• King Charles I faced opposition from Parliament over taxation and religious issues during his reign.
• Sir Thomas Fairfax led the New Model Army during the English Civil War
• In 1637, King Charles I dissolved Parliament due to disagreements over taxes and religious reforms.
• Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector of England in 1653
• In 1689, William III and Mary II signed the Bill of Rights, establishing parliamentary sovereignty over the king or queen.
• Anne died without an heir, leading to the accession of George I, who spoke little English and relied heavily on advisors like Robert Harley.
• Parliament passed the Bill of Rights in 1689, limiting royal power and establishing parliamentary sovereignty.
• William III had been invited to invade England because he was Protestant and married to Mary II, who was Catholic.
• Parliament passed laws that limited royal power, such as the Petition of Right and Habeas Corpus Act.
• In 1609, King James I published The Book of Sports which encouraged people to play sports on Sundays instead of going to church.
• In 1689, William III and Mary II were crowned joint monarchs of Britain.
• Parliament passed the Five Knights Case in 1607, limiting royal power over parliamentary elections.
• Charles I married Henrietta Maria, daughter of King Henry IV of France, in 1625.
• William III had been invited to invade England by Parliament because they believed that he would support their cause against James II.
• The Great Contract proposed by Buckingham aimed to limit the king's ability to raise taxes without consent from Parliament.
• Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon was annulled on the grounds that she could not produce a male heir.