Biochem Exam 1

• What are the basic building blocks of life?

  proteins, nucleic acids, carbs, lipids
• What are the four bases of DNA?

  Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine
• What holds base pairs together/ how do they recognize each other?

  Hydrogen bonding
• What is the hydrophobic effect?

  The tendency of nonpolar molecules to aggregate in water.
• What holds DNA together?

  The hydrophobic effect drives the bases of DNA to be held together with van der Waals contact
• what is a pka?

  pKa is the measure of the acidity or basicity of a substance.
• what is ph?

  The measure of acidity or alkalinity in a solution.
• henderson hasselbach equation: pH= pKa +log10 [A-/HA]
• what are proteins made up of?

  amino acids
• How many structures of protein are there?

  Four
• What is the primary structure of proteins?

  Amino acids sequence
• What is the secondary structure of proteins?

  alpha helices and beta sheets
• What is the tertiary structure of protein?

  3D structure of 1 protein
• What is the quaternary structure of proteins?

  3D structure for more than 1 protein
• what are amino acids made up of?

  Amino acids are made up of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain.
• Are D or L amino acids used to make proteins?

  L amino acids
• What is the smallest amino acid?

  Glycine
• Is alanine hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophobic
• Is valine hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophobic
• Is leucine hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophobic
• Is isoleucine hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophobic
• Is methionine hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophobic
• Is proline hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophobic
• Is phenylalanine hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophobic
• Is tyrosine hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophobic
• Is tryptophan hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophobic
• Is serine hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophilic
• Is threonine hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophilic
• Is asparagine hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  hydrophilic
• Is glutamine hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophilic
• Is cystine hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophobic
• What is special about cysteine?

  Can form disulfide bonds with other cysteines
• Is lysine hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophilic
• Is arginine hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophilic
• Is histidine hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophilic
• Is aspartate hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophilic
• Is glutamate hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

  Hydrophilic
• What holds amino acids together?

  Peptide bonds.
• What way do amino acids run?

  N-terminus to C-terminus
• What configuration are proteins usually in?

  Trans