Agriculture

• Level of development 


  developed countries tend to consume more food from different sources than developing countries
• Physical conditions


  climate influences what can be grown and consumed in developing countries
• Cultural preferences


  food preferences and avoidances are expressions of culture
• Developed countries consume more calories per person than developing countries

  
• North America is the region with the highest share of obese people

  
• Dietary energy consumption


  the amount of food that an individual consumes
• Undernourishment


  lack of sufficient food or other substances for good health and condition
• Food security


  the ability of a population or a social community to provide enough food for its population.
• Large percentages of people in Africa are undernourished same as India and China

  
• Cereal grains


  grass yielding grain for food such as wheat, maize, and corn
• Maize: parts North South America, and Africa - Rice: South America, Africa and Asia - Wheat: almost all of the world

  
• Grain


  seed of a cereal grass
• Agriculture


  the raising of animals, and growing crops
• Crop


  grain or fruit gathered from from a field as a harvest during a particular season
• First Agricultural Revolution


  the transition from hunting and gathering to planting and sustaining
• Columbian Exchange


  the transfer of plants, animals, disease, and technology from Europe, Asia, and Africa to the Americas
• Subsistence agriculture


  the production of food primarily for consumption and mostly found in less developing countries
• Commercial Agriculture


  A form of agriculture in order to generate products off of the farm in order to make a profit
• Cash crop


  an agricultural crop that is made to be sold in a market environment for as much money as possible
• Intensive subsistence agriculture


  when farmers expend a lot of effort to grow crops to sell to other people
• Double cropping


  the growing of two crops to double the harvest
• Crop rotation


  the practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil
• Wet rice


  rice planted on dry land and then moved to a field to promote growth
• Sawah


  a flooded field for growing rice
• Paddy


  The Malay word for wet rice, used to describe a flooded field
• Shifting cultivation


  a type of farming where farmers move from one area to another to farm
• Pastoral nomadism


  a form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals
• Transhumance


  seasonal migration of livestock between mountain and lowland pasture area
• Plantation


  the production of one or more cash crops on a large part of different crops of land
• Fishing


  the capture of wild fish and other seafood living in the waters
• Aquaculture


  the cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions
• Overfishing


  capturing fish faster than they can produce
• Agribusiness


  the set of economic and political relationships that organize food production for commercial purposes
• Monoculture


  the deliberate cultivation of one single crop in a large land area
• Horticulture


  growing of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and tree crops
• Commercial gardening and fruit farming


  relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables, and other horticulture
• Fruit farm


  the growing of fruit crops, nuts, and primarily for use as human food
• Truck farming


  commercial gardening and fruit farming
• Ranching


  a form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area
• Dairy farm


  a commercial agriculture that specializes in the production of milk and other dairy products