4.1

• What was the outcome of the vote of confidence that led to the 1979 General Election?

  Lost by one vote (311/310)
• What event forced James Callaghan to call the 1979 election?

  Loss of vote of confidence
• How did the 'Winter of Discontent' affect Callaghan's government?

  It damaged economic policy and poll standing
• What type of government did Callaghan lead before the election?

  Minority government
• Why did Callaghan not call an election in Autumn 1978?

  They were ahead in the polls
• What was the public's perception of Callaghan during the Winter of Discontent?

  He was seen as out of touch
• What was the famous headline published by The Sun newspaper?

  'Crisis? What crisis?'
• What was the Lib-Lab pact?

  A pact between Labour and the Liberal Party
• When did the Vote of No Confidence in Callaghan's ministry occur?

  28 March 1979
• What was the result of the Vote of No Confidence?

  Callaghan lost by one vote
• What was one of the main goals of the Conservative Manifesto?

  Control inflation and restore economic health
• How did press coverage affect the Conservative campaign?

  It reinforced Thatcher's fresh approach
• What was a significant change in voting patterns from 1974 to 1979 for the C2 social class?

  Conservative votes increased from 26% to 41%
• What was the percentage of Conservative votes among DE social class in 1979?

  34%
• How did women's voting patterns change from 1974 to 1979?

  Conservative votes increased from 39% to 47%
• What was the trend in voting among 18-24 year old voters from 1974 to 1979?

  Conservative votes increased from 24% to 42%
• What were the key factors that contributed to the Conservative victory in the 1979 elections?

  • Effective advertising
  • Strong leadership by Thatcher
  • Positive media coverage
  • Callaghan's miscalculations
  • Impact of the Winter of Discontent
  • Economic issues like inflation and unemployment
• What was the slogan of the 1997 General Election campaign by Labour?

  ‘Britain Deserves Better New Labour, New Life for Britain’
• What factors explain the outcome of the 1997 General Election?

  • Party policies and manifestos
  • Election campaign techniques
  • Wider political context
• What was John Major's Conservative Party associated with?

  Incompetence, disunity, and corruption
• Why was John Major defeated in the 1997 election?

  He failed to show his party was fit to govern
• What event caused the Conservative Party to lose public support?

  Abandoning the European Exchange Rate Mechanism
• What were the consequences of 'Black Wednesday'?

  Increased mortgages and interest rates
• Who did not resign after 'Black Wednesday'?

  Norman Lamont and the Prime Minister
• What issue divided the Conservative Party regarding the European Union?

  Disagreement over EU policies and membership
• What health crisis affected the Conservative government's credibility?

  The slow response to 'mad cow' disease
• What scandal involved the Conservative ministers?

  Collusion in selling illegal weapons to Iraq
• Who did Blair appeal to more in the 1997 election?

  Middle-class voters
• What did Blair promise regarding income tax?

  Not to increase income tax
• How was Blair portrayed during the campaign?

  As a youthful and energetic leader
• What was the purpose of Labour's pledge card?

  • Provided coherence to the campaign
  • Persuaded voters to trust Labour
  • Countered 18 years of opposition
• What were some key pledges in Labour's manifesto?

  • Cut school class sizes to under 30
  • Reduce time between arrest and punishment
  • Cut NHS waiting lists
  • Put 250,000 young people into work
  • No rise in income tax, cut VAT on fuel
• What significant transition did the 1997 Labour Party manifesto represent?

  A shift to a centrist 'Third Way' strategy
• What key achievements did the 1997 Labour government accomplish?

  • Introduced a new minimum wage
  • Increased NHS investment
  • Reduced class sizes
• What campaign song was associated with the New Labour Party?

  ‘Things can only get better’
• What media support did the New Labour Party receive?

  Support from The Sun newspaper
• What factors influenced voting patterns in the 1997 General Election?

  • Social class
  • Gender
  • Age
  • Ethnicity
  • Media influence
• How many British adults were interviewed for MORI's voting aggregate?

  13,544 British adults
• What are the six social grade classifications?

  A, B, C1, C2, D, and E
• What social grade classification includes skilled manual occupations?

  C2