Cell specialisation

• Muscle cells are specialised cells that contract and generate force for movement.
• Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities within the body, providing protection and facilitating absorption or secretion of substances.
• Nerve cells, also known as neurons, transmit electrical signals throughout the body to control various functions such as muscle contraction, sensory perception, and cognitive processes.
• Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that provides support to the cell.
• Cell differentiation is driven by changes in gene expression that activate certain genes and inactivate others.
• Cell walls are found only in plant cells and some bacteria.
• Neurons are specialised cells that transmit electrical signals in the nervous system.
• Nervous tissue transmits electrical impulses throughout the nervous system to coordinate bodily functions.
• The nucleus is an organelle found only in eukaryotic cells that contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.
• Animal cells do not have a cell wall but instead rely on other structures like cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix for support.
• Mitochondria are responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration.
• Differentiated cells have unique structures and functions that allow them to carry out specific tasks within an organism.
• Cellular differentiation is the process by which undifferentiated stem cells become specialized into specific cell types with unique structures and functions.
• The nervous system is responsible for receiving, processing, integrating, and responding to information from both internal and external stimuli.
• Neurons have three main parts: cell body (contains nucleus), dendrites (receive messages), and axon (transmits messages).
• During embryonic development, stem cells undergo asymmetric division to produce daughter cells with distinct fates.
• Stem cells can self-renew through mitosis, producing more stem cells, or they can differentiate into specialized cells through a series of steps called lineage commitment.
• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis.
• The nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.
• Vacuoles store water, nutrients, waste products, pigments, and enzymes.
• Ribosomes synthesise proteins using information from DNA.
• Mitochondria produce energy through aerobic respiration.
• Muscle tissue contracts to produce movement or maintain posture.
• Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities within the body.
• Muscle cells contract, allowing movement or pumping blood through arteries.
• Plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis.
• Mitochondria are involved in energy production through respiration.
• Lysosomes break down waste products within the cell.
• Ribosomes synthesize proteins using instructions from DNA.
• Vacuoles store water, nutrients, and wastes inside the cell.