Ergogenic Aids

• What are ergogenic aids?

  Substances that improve exercise performance
• How do ergogenic aids improve exercise performance?

  By improving physiological variables or removing restraints
• What are the types of pharmacological ergogenic aids mentioned?

  • Anabolic steroids
  • Erythropoietin
  • Human Growth Hormone
• What are anabolic steroids designed to mimic?

  Effects of testosterone
• What are ergogenic aids?

  Substances that improve exercise performance
• How are anabolic steroids administered?

  Injected or taken orally
• What benefits do anabolic steroids provide for athletes?

  Increased protein synthesis and muscle growth
• How do ergogenic aids improve exercise performance?

  By improving physiological variables or removing restraints
• For which type of events are anabolic steroids mostly used?

  Explosive power events
• What are the types of pharmacological ergogenic aids mentioned?

  • Anabolic steroids
  • Erythropoietin
  • Human Growth Hormone
• What is the primary function of anabolic steroids?

  To promote protein synthesis and muscle growth
• Why must testosterone be injected?

  It is destroyed by digestive enzymes if taken orally
• What are the side effects of anabolic steroids?

  • Irritability
  • Mood swings
  • Aggressive tendencies
  • Liver damage and heart failure
• In which type of events are anabolic steroids mostly used?

  Explosive power events
• What are the side effects of anabolic steroids?

  • Irritability
  • Mood swings
  • Aggressive tendencies
  • Liver damage and heart failure
• What is erythropoietin (EPO) a synthetic copy of?

  A hormone produced by kidneys
• What is erythropoietin (EPO) used for?

  To stimulate red blood cell production
• What does erythropoietin stimulate in the body?

  Bone marrow to produce red blood cells
• How does recombinant EPO affect oxygen carrying capacity?

  It increases haemoglobin in the blood
• What are the dangers of using erythropoietin?

  Increased blood viscosity and clotting potential
• What condition can pulmonary edema cause?

  Difficulty breathing due to fluid in lungs
• What does human growth hormone mimic?

  The hormone secreted by the pituitary gland
• What are the effects of human growth hormone on the body?

  Stimulates growth and affects metabolism
• What are the side effects of human growth hormone?

  • May lead to diabetes
  • Thickening of soft tissue in face, hands, and feet
  • Enlargement of organs such as liver
• What is the effect of recombinant EPO on the blood?

  Increases haemoglobin and oxygen capacity
• Why is erythropoietin considered illegal?

  It mimics blood doping effects
• What are the dangers of using erythropoietin?

  • Increased blood viscosity
  • Increased clotting potential
  • Increased risk for stroke and heart failure
  • Risk of pulmonary edema
• What does human growth hormone mimic?

  A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland
• What effects does human growth hormone have on the body?

  Stimulates bone and muscle growth
• What does human growth hormone affect in metabolism?

  Protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism
• What is blood doping?

  The illegal practice of removing blood
• Who primarily uses human growth hormone?

  Power and strength athletes
• How long before performance is blood removed in blood doping?

  3 to 4 weeks
• What is blood doping?

  The illegal practice of removing blood
• What are the side effects of human growth hormone?

  • May lead to diabetes
  • Thickening of soft tissue in face, hands, and feet
  • Enlargement of organs such as liver
• What is done to the blood after it is removed for blood doping?

  The blood is frozen
• What happens 2 hours before the event in blood doping?

  The extracted blood cells are re-injected
• How long before performance is blood removed in blood doping?

  3 to 4 weeks
• What is the effect of blood doping on red blood cells?

  It artificially increases their total volume
• What is done to the blood after it is removed for blood doping?

  The blood is frozen