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psychology ⋆。°✩
Approaches
Behaviourism
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Created by
Freya
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Cards (23)
What does the behaviourist approach focus on studying?
Observable and
measurable
behaviour
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What are the two important forms of learning identified by behaviourists?
Classical
and
operant conditioning
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What is classical conditioning?
Learning through
association
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Who is associated with classical conditioning?
Pavlov
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What did Pavlov demonstrate with his dogs?
Dogs could learn to
salivate
to a bell
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What is a neutral stimulus in classical conditioning?
A stimulus that elicits no response
initially
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What is the conditioned response in Pavlov's experiment?
Salivation
in response to the bell
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What does operant conditioning focus on?
The
causes
and
consequences
of behaviour
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Who is associated with operant conditioning?
Skinner
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What are the three types of consequences of behaviour according to Skinner?
Positive reinforcement
,
negative reinforcement
,
punishment
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What increases the likelihood of behaviour being repeated?
Positive
and
negative
reinforcement
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What is negative reinforcement?
Avoiding something
unpleasant
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How might a student use negative reinforcement?
By handing in an essay to avoid
disapproval
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What is positive reinforcement?
Receiving a
reward
for a behaviour
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What is punishment in the context of behaviourism?
An unpleasant
consequence
of behaviour
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What is a strength of the behaviourist approach?
It
measures
observable
behaviour
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Why is the controlled lab setting a strength for behaviourist studies?
It emphasizes
objectivity
and
replication
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How have behaviourist principles been applied in real life?
In
prisons
and
psychiatric
wards
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What is a token economy system?
A system rewarding
behaviour
with privileges
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What is a disadvantage of the behaviourist approach?
It sees behaviour as determined by past
experiences
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What did Skinner suggest about free will?
It is an illusion influenced by
conditioning
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What ethical issues are raised by the behaviourist approach?
Animals exposed to
stressful conditions
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Why is the ethical treatment of animals important in behaviourist research?
It affects how they react in
experiments
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