Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic

• What are cells considered in biology?

  Basic building blocks of life
• What is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently?

  Cells
• How do bacteria reproduce when they divide?

  They produce a whole new organism
• How do multicellular organisms like animals and plants differ from bacteria in terms of cell division?

  They grow or replace dead cells, not reproduce
• How many different types of cells are estimated to be in an adult human?

  Over 40 trillion cells
• What are the main subcellular structures found in both animal and plant cells?

  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• What surrounds both animal and plant cells?

  Cell membranes
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  Controls substances passing in and out
• What does the nucleus contain?

  Genetic material or DNA
• What is cytoplasm's role in a cell?

  Holds organelles and where reactions occur
• What is the primary function of mitochondria?

  Provide energy through aerobic respiration
• What do ribosomes do in a cell?

  Site of protein synthesis
• What are the additional structures found in plant cells that are not in animal cells?

  • Rigid cell wall made of cellulose
  • Permanent vacuole containing cell sap
  • Chloroplasts for photosynthesis
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

  Provides support and structure
• What does the permanent vacuole contain?

  Cell sap, a mixture of sugars, salts, and water
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Site of photosynthesis
• What green substance do chloroplasts contain?

  Chlorophyll
• Why do leaves appear green?

  Due to chlorophyll absorbing light energy
• What are the characteristics of bacterial cells?

  • Prokaryotic and unicellular
  • Have cell membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, cytoplasm
  • Lack mitochondria and chloroplasts
  • Genetic material is a single circular strand of DNA
• What do bacterial cells lack compared to eukaryotic cells?

  Mitochondria and chloroplasts
• How is bacterial DNA structured?

  Single circular strand free in cytoplasm
• What are plasmids in bacteria?

  Small rings of DNA carrying extra genes
• What is the function of flagella in bacteria?

  Propel bacteria for movement
• How do bacterial cells differ from eukaryotic cells in terms of genetic material storage?

  Bacterial cells have free-floating DNA, not in a nucleus