definitions and concepts

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absolute zero
the lowest possible temperature of a system where no heat remains and the particles in the system have no kinetic energy
avogadro constant
the number of particles that make up one mole of any gas
boltzmann constant
a constant relating the average kinetic energy of the particles in a gas to the gas' temperature
boyle's law
the pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume when held at constant temperature
brownian motion
the random motion of particles
charles' law
the volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when held at constant pressure
ideal gas
a gas that meets the ideal gas assumptions
all the gas laws are based on ideal gases
internal energy
the sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of the particles in a given system
kelvin scale
an absolute temperature scale that starts at absolute zero
0K = -273C
molar gas constant
a fundamental constant used in the ideal gas law
molar mass
the mass of one mole of the substance in question
molecular mass
the mass of one mole of the substance in question
pressure law
the pressure of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when the volume is fixed
specific heat capacity
the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 kelvin
specific latent heat
the amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without a change in temperature
state changes
during a state change, the potential energy of the system is changing but the kinetic energy is not