Sci

• Stimulus - info the body received through the senses
• Response - reaction the body commanded by the brain
• Parts of the nervous system: Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerves
• Brain is surrounded by bones for protection
• Brain is enlosed in cranium
• Spinal cord is surrounded by vertebrae for protection; it is also surrounded by meninges and cerebrospinal fluid
• functions of nervous system:

  1. regulates and coordinates all body activities
  2. center of all mental activities (thoughts, memory, and learning)
• division of nervous system: central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
• central nervous system(cns):

  -consists of brain and spinal cord

  -processes and stores sensory and motor movement

  -controls consciousness
• peripheral nervous system:

  -12 pairs of cranial nerves

  -31 pairs of spinal nerves

  -transmits sensory and motor impulses back and forth between cns and body
• cerebrum - largest and uppermost part of brain
• cerebellum is also called as the "little brain"
• brain stem is also called "medula"
• spinal cord is the pathway for impulses from or to the brain
• Afferent/Sensory Nerves is the body to cns; receives info from senses to brain
• Efferent/Motor nerves is the cns to the muscles and glands; response to command
• Somatic ns is tyhe voluntary control
• Autonomic ns is the involuntary control
• Sympathetic nerves increases heart rate and is the fight-or-flight response
• Parasympathetic slows heart rate and relaxes sphincters
• Neuron parts: Nucleus, Dendrites, Axon
• Nucleus is also knows as the cell body or cytoplasm
• Axon takes away from cell body
• Dendrites takes in/toward cell body
• Nerves travel 430kpb
• how to keep nerves healthy?

  Exercise

  eat fish and veggy oil

  eat vit d and b12

  reading

  writing

  social activities
• Gland is the smallest unit in the body that releases hormones
• Endocrine System is aka "System of Checks and Balance"
• Endocrine system is similar to termostat, that turns on and off
• pituitary gland is the master gland
• hypothalamus - metabolism and reproduction
• adrenal - fight or flight
• thyroid - thyroxine
• parathyroid - regulate minerals
• pancreas - secrete insulin; located beneath the stomach
• thymus -produces thymosin
• gonads - ovaries and testes
• how ot keep endocrine system healthy:

  1. know fam history
  2. healthy diet
  3. minimize stress
  4. check up
• ovary is attached to the uterus by ligaments
• 2 main functions

  store and release egg cell and produce hormones (estrogen and progesterone)