2nd Sem | Para Lec

• Commensalism - non harmful and one will benefit
• Entamoeba histolytica - pathogenic amoeba
• Entamoeba coli - non pathogenic amoeba
• Pathogenic

  • can cause disease
  • can harm host
• Endoparasite

  • lives within the body of the host (infection)
• Ectoparasite

  • lives on the outside of the host (infestation)
• Mutualism

  ex. Termites
• Parasitism

  • benefit from the host
  • can cause harm
• Amoebic dysentery

  • can cause bloody stool
• Amoebiasis

  • Entamoeba histolytica
• Facultative

  • free living parasite
  • parasitic existence

  ex. Strongyloides stercoralis
• Parthenogenic

  • female worms are capable of self fertilization

  ex. strongyloides, stercoralis
• Permanent

  • filarial worm (Wuchereria bancrofti)
• PARASITOLOGY

  • the area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism on another
• Medical Parasitology

  • is concerned with the animal parasites of humans and their medical significance, as well as their importance in human communities
• Tropical Medicine

  • is a branch of medicine which deals with tropical diseases and other special medical problems of tropical regions
• many tropical diseases are parasitic diseases
• biological relationships

  • symbiosis (commensalism, mutualism, parasitism)
• Symbiosis

  • living together of unlike organisms (different organisms in one place)
• Commensalism

  • is a symbiotic relationship in which two species live together and one species benefits from the relationship without harming or benefiting the other
• mutualism

  • is a symbiosis in which two organisms mutually benefit from each other
• Parasitism

  • is a symbiotic relationship where one organism, the parasite lives in or on another for its survival and usually at the expense of the host
• Amoebiasis is also called amebic dysentry and is caused by Entamoeba histolytica
• symbiosis/mutualism

  • both the host and parasite are dependent upon each other
  • none of them are harmed
• commensalism

  • only the parasite derives benefit without causing any infection to the host
  • it is capable of living independently
• parasitism

  -always harm the host

  the parasite cannot live an independent life, they need a host
• Parasite

  • organisms which lives in or the body of another organism for growth and survival
• Host

  • plant or an animal that harbors the parasite and is usually larger than the parasite
• PARASITES

  • According to its habitat
  • According to egg-laying capacity
  • According to sexes (reproductive organs)
  • According to its relationship with the host
• ACCORDING TO ITS HABITAT

  • Ectoparasite
  • Endoparasite
• ACCORDING TO EGG-LAYING CAPACITY

  • Oviparous
  • Ovoviviparous
  • Larviparous
  • Viviparous
• Oviparous

  • lays immature/ unembryonated eggs
  • (Ex. Helminths, Enterobius vermicularis)
• Ovoviviparous

  • lays mature eggs
  • (Ex. Stronglyloides stercoralis)
• Larviparous

  • lays larva
  • (Ex. Trichinella spiralis)
• Viviparous

  • young developed inside the body of the parent
• Monoecious

  • both male and female reproductive organs are found in one parasite
  • (Ex. Cestodes)
• Dioecious

  • separate sexes; males are usually smaller compared to females
  • (Ex. Nematodes)
• Parthenogenic

  • female worms are capable of self-fertilization
  • (Ex. Strongyloides stercoralis)
• according to sexes

  • monoecious
  • dioecious
  • parthenogenic
• Obligate

  • when they take up a permanent residence in and are completely dependent upon the host
  • (Ascaris lumbricoides)