Fundamentals of Nursing

• According to Nightingale, Nursing is the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist his recovery.
• According to ANA, nursing the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems.
• Enumerate the 7 roles of the professional nurse: Care provider/rehabilitator, Comforter/counselor, Communicator, Educator/teacher, Protector/Client Advocate, Manager, Researcher
• Enumerate the 8 Standards of Nursing Practice: Quality of care, Performance appraisal, Education, Collegiality, Ethics, Collaboration, Research, Resource utilization.
• Nightingale: Manipulating the environment
• Peplau: Interpersonal Processes 4 overlapping phases: Orientation, Identification, Exploitation/explanation, resolution.
• Henderson: 14 Basic Needs
• Abdellah: Nursing is caring, intelligent, competent and technically well-prepared service (21 nursing problems)
• Orlando: Nursing is interacting with client to meet immediate needs.
• Levine: 4 conservation principles: conserve client energy, structural, personal, & social integrity.
• Johnson: Behavior System Model: 7 Basic needs: security, nurutrance, nourishment, elimination, achievement, self-protection, sex.
• Rogers: Science of Unitary Human Beings
• Orem: Self Care and Self Care Deficit Theory
• King: Goal Attainment Theory: 3 Dynamic interacting systems: personal, interpersonal, social
• Neuman: Health Care System Model: to assist client in stress via primary, secondary, tertiary levels of prevention
• Patterson and Zderad: Humanistic Nsg. Practice; to be aware of their "uniqueness" and "commonality"
• Leininger: Transcultural Nursing Model: values, beliefs, & practices
• Watson: Human Caring Model: transpersonal and humanistic
• Parse: Theory of Human Becoming: clients are open, mutual and constant interaction w environment.
• Erickson: Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory: Nurses act a role model in nurturance.
• Benner: Caring is central in nursing, creating possibilities for coping and connecting w others
• 4 Models of Health: 1. Health-illness Continuum Model, 2. Health-Belief Model, 3. Health Promotion Model, 4. Ecologic Model
• 4 attributes of human being: (1) form families, (2) keeps a territory, (3) uses language, (4) thinks abstractly
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: (1) Physiologic Needs, (2) Safety & Security, (3) Love & Belonging, (4) Self-esteem, (5) Self-actualization
• Morals: One's own personal beliefs, opinions, & attitudes that guide's ones action.
• Values: Personal beliefs, opinions, & attitudes that guide's ones action.
• Autonomy: Independence or self-governance
• Beneficence: Promoting good to others
• Maleficence: Harm or Hurt
• Nonmaleficence: Avoidance of harm
• Confidentiality: Respect for clients' privacy.
• Fidelity: Agreement to keep promises
• Distributive Justice: Allocation of good/services according yo equality, need, merit
• Principle of double effect: Promoting good but involving some expected unavoidable harm.