L3:

• The Propaganda Movement was a Filipino organization exiled in Spain and Europe, aiming to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony, the Philippines, and to propagate a closer relationship between the Philippines and Spain.
• The Propaganda Movement was officially organized in Spain on December 13, 1888.
• There was a proclamation of dogmas of liberty and progress in the 19th century.
• A process of change occurred in the 19th century which influenced Rizal's changing views and actions in his life.
• People could attack or reject the institution of church or state.
• Rizal's growth as a propagandist and later separatist was influenced by the changes in the 19th century.
• The first issue of La Solidaridad, the official organ/magazine of the Propaganda Movement, was published in Barcelona, Spain on February 15, 1889.
• La Solidaridad ceased publication on November 15, 1895 with 7 volumes and 160 issues.
• Marcelo del Pilar, known as Plaridel, took over as editor of La Solidaridad in October 1889.
• After a year of publication, La Solidaridad began to run out of funds.
• The Propaganda Movement aimed to achieve equality of the Filipinos and Spaniards before the law, nationalism, political reforms, peaceful reform, education and enlightenment, and exposing Spanish misrule.
• Jose Rizal, the leader of the reformist movement called "Propaganda", was unwavering in his campaign for political and social freedoms, lobbying the peninsular government using their connections with liberal Spanish politicians.
• Marcelo del Pilar, known as Plaridel, was the leader of the reform movement in Spain around 1890, but an unwanted rivalry between Rizal and del Pilar arose due to differences in their editorial policy and Rizal's political beliefs.
• Antonio Luna, known as Taga-Ilog, was a Filipino pharmacist who was banished by the Spaniards to Spain.
• Rizal eventually stayed in Europe for further study and broadened his mind, seeing European countries as examples his own country should try to emulate.
• Jose Maria Panganiban (JOMAPA) was known for having a photographic memory and was one of the writers of LA SOLIDARIDAD, calling the attention of Spaniards on freedom of press and criticizing the educational system in the Philippines.
• Graciano Lopez Jaena established the first magazine LA SOLIDARIDAD.
• At Rizal’s trial in 1896, it was suggested that Paterno along with Rizal had incited the Katipunan because they both wrote about the ancient Tagalog civilization.
• Marciano Ponce was a physician, writer, and active member of the propaganda movement.
• Graciano Lopez Jaena was involved in the controversy between Rizal and Pilar over who should head the Association Hispano de Filipinas in Madrid.
• Jose Alejandro was a member of the Propaganda Movement which demanded equality, particularly equal opportunities in colonial administration for Spaniards and Filipinos.
• Rizal’s changing relationship with other propagandists was significant in Philippine History for having been an acquaintance and inspiration for members of the Philippine Reform Movement.
• Rizal’s stay exposed him to different cultures and practices, good and bad.
• Travelling through Europe enabled Rizal to learn new and useful languages and one of these was German.
• Marciano Ponce was among the founders of LA SOLIDARIDAD and the Association Hispano-Filipino.
• Graciano Lopez Jaena became the official voice of the Association Hispano de Filipinas, a group of Filipino-Spanish individuals who worked for reforms in the Philippines.
• Rizal’s facility in language enabled him to read more scholarly materials and forge new relationships.
• Feliz Resurrection Hidalgo was a Filipino artist known as one of the great Filipino painters of late 19th century.
• Jose Alejandro was a general in the Philippine Republican Army during the Philippine Revolution and Philippine American War.
• Pedro Paterno joined the Confraternity of Masons and Asociación Hispano-Filipino in order to further the aims of the Movement.
• He was born in a Chinese mestizo family.
• Noli Me Tangere (touch me not) was published in 1886.
• Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (history of Philippines island) was a project that stemmed from an ethnological interest in the cultural connections between the peoples of the pre-Spanish Philippines and those of the larger Malay region (modern Malaysia and Indonesia).
• Legalization of Spanish & Filipino equality.
• Filipino students in Spain 1880s & 1890s experienced: All ideas were freely discussed.
• Through his studies, he was able to formulate ideas as to what reforms are needed in his home country, including having a free press.
• Attempt to re-establish the LF but national movements had become split between Illustrado advocates of reform and peaceful evolution and the plebeian constituency that wanted revolution and national independence.
• Between 1872 & 1892, national consciousness was grown among Filipino emigres who had settled in Europe, these émigrés -- liberals exiled in 1872 and students attending European universities -- formed the Propaganda Movement.
• Early Filipino activities in Spain 1880-1882 included Filipino students to Spain.
• Guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and association.