T.O.F Chemistry

• What type of mass spectrometer is discussed in the video?

  Time of flight mass spectrometer
• What is the primary focus of the year one portion of mass spectrometry?

  Calculating relative atomic mass and isotopes
• What is the main purpose of a mass spectrometer?

  To analyze compounds and atomic samples
• How does the new time of flight mass spectrometer differ from the old one?

  It does not use lecture magnets
• What are the four key areas of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer?

  Ionization, acceleration, ion drift, detection
• Why is the mass spectrometer operated in a vacuum?

  To prevent hindrance during sample analysis
• What happens in the ionization chamber of the mass spectrometer?

  Sample is ionized to create charged particles
• What is one method of ionization mentioned in the video?

  Electrospray ionization
• How does electrospray ionization create charged particles?

  By adding protons to the sample
• What is the role of the electron gun in ionization?

  It bombards the sample with high-energy electrons
• What assumption is made about the ions created in the mass spectrometer?

  Only one plus ions are created
• How is kinetic energy related to the acceleration of ions?

  All ions gain the same kinetic energy
• What happens during the ion drift stage?

  Separation of ions based on speed occurs
• What does the detection stage of the mass spectrometer do?

  It detects ions and creates a current
• How does the current relate to the abundance of ions?

  Greater current indicates higher ion abundance
• What is the term used for the graph produced by the mass spectrometer?

  Mass spectrum
• What does the M/Z ratio represent in mass spectrometry?

  Mass to charge ratio of ions
• Why is the charge assumed to be 1 in mass spectrometry?

  It simplifies calculations of mass
• How does the abundance of isotopes affect the relative atomic mass of chlorine?

  More abundant isotopes lower the average mass
• What is the significance of the ratio of isotopes in determining atomic mass?

  It influences the average atomic mass value
• What is the molecular formula of ethanol mentioned in the video?

  C₂H₆O
• What do the peaks in a mass spectrum represent?

  Different ions detected by the spectrometer
• How can the mass spectrum of chlorine be interpreted?

  It shows isotopes and their relative abundances
• What does a peak at mass 35 in the chlorine spectrum indicate?

  Presence of chlorine-35 isotope
• What does a peak at mass 37 in the chlorine spectrum indicate?

  Presence of chlorine-37 isotope
• How does the presence of molecular ions affect the mass spectrum?

  Molecular ions create additional peaks in the spectrum
• What is the significance of the ratio of peaks in the chlorine spectrum?

  It reflects the relative abundance of isotopes
• What is the molecular formula of the CO₂ molecule mentioned?

  CO₂
• How does the mass spectrum of ethanol differ from that of chlorine?

  Ethanol shows fragmentation patterns, chlorine does not
• What is the relationship between isotopes and the periodic table's atomic mass values?

  Isotopes cause non-integer atomic mass values
• Why are some atomic mass values not whole numbers in the periodic table?

  Due to the presence of isotopes
• What is the significance of the term "relative abundance" in mass spectrometry?

  It indicates the amount of each isotope present
• What does the term "mass spectrum" refer to?

  A graph showing detected ion masses
• How can the mass spectrum be used to identify elements in a sample?

  By analyzing the peaks and their masses
• What is the role of the computer in mass spectrometry?

  It processes data and generates mass spectra
• What is the molecular structure of ethanol?

  C₂H₆O
• What is the importance of understanding fragmentation in mass spectrometry?

  It helps identify molecular structures
• How does fragmentation affect the interpretation of mass spectra?

  It creates additional peaks for analysis
• What is the significance of mass numbers in isotopes?

  They can have decimals due to isotopes.
• Why do some elements have mass numbers with decimals?

  Due to the presence of isotopes.