Powerpoint 3

• xx for female
• xy for male
• gonads:

  • ovaries for females
  • testes for males
• hormonal balances: estrogen and testosterone
• what is gender identity?

  the psychological state of viewing ones gender as male, female, both, neither, or genderfluid
• gender refers to the biological, social, and psychological characteristics associated with being female or male, feminine or masculine or some combination
• transgender is a term for a person who identifies as a sex different from the sex assigned to them at birth
• cisgender is a term for a person whose gender identity matches the sex assigned to them at birth
• traditional gender roles are social norms that specify socially appropriate behavior for females and males in society
• what influences gender socialization?

  • family
  • peers
  • religion
  • education
  • economy
  • social media
• the feminization of poverty

  • a disproportionate percentage of poverty is experienced by women living alone or with their children
  • poverty contributes to teen pregnancy, since teens have limited supervision and few alternatives to parenthood
  • early childbearing interferes with education and restricts earning capacity
  • offspring are born into poverty, and the cycle repeats
• challenges of men

  • men who define themselves in terms of their job, income or career choices may leave their self-esteem vulnerable should they become under employed or unemployed
  • men who restrict their expression of emotions are denied the opportunity for interpersonal sharing
  • men who believe it is not their role to participate in domestic activities will not be competent in these life skills
• according to research, what is the most undesirable trait women find in men?

  too controlling
• androgyny - a proactive blending of behavior associated with traditional stereotypical masculinity and feminity, so a biological male may be gentle and nurturing, and a biological female may be assertive and selfish
• the goal of androgyny is to become devoid of toxic masculine traits such as aggression, emotional indifference, selfishness, showing off, submissive, fragile, etc.
• in the book, Johanna is intersex
• gender identity is not what is in your pants, but what is in your head
• heterosexism refers to the institutional and social reinforcement of heterosexuality as the privileged and powerful norm. The assumption that a person is cisgender and heterosexual
• heterosexism results in prejudice and discrimination against homosexual, bisexual, and transexual people
• internalized homophobia - is a sense of personal failure and self hatred among non hetero, cisgender persons resulting from social rejection and stigmatization of being abnormal
• homophobia - can result in denying one's identity and staying in the closet out of fear of negative reactions/ consequences
• biphobia - a parallel set of negative attitudes toward bisexuality (also called binegativity)
• transphobia - negative attitudes toward transsexuality or those who self-identify as transsexual
• coming out refers to being open and honest about one's sexual orientation and identity, and is a major decision with which GLBTQ individuals struggle
• risks of coming out

  • parent and family reactions
  • harassment and discrimination at school
  • discrimination and harassment in the workplace
  • hate crime victimization
• benefits of coming out

  • acceptance from parents
  • lower levels of alcohol and drug consumption
  • fewer identity and adjustment problems
• children benefit when there are two parents in the household but the gender of the parents is irrelevant
• Genderqueers - individuals who reject the binary sex and gender system and whose gender identity and expression do not conform to the normative categories of a man or woman
• bisexuality - cognitive, emotional, and sexual attraction to members of both sexes
• cisgender - individuals whose gender identity and expression aligns with their assigned sex at birth
• heterosexual - emotional and sexual attraction to individuals of the other sex
• homosexual - older prejudicial term that refers to the predominance of cognitive, emotional, and social attraction to individuals of the same sex
• lesbian - a woman who prefers same-sex partners
• LGBITQ - general term for lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, etc.
• transgender - a person whose gender identity does not match the biological sex they were assigned at birth
• pansexuality - sexual attraction to other people regardless of their biological sex, gender, or gender identity
• satiation - a stimulus loses its value with repeated exposure (lovers tire of each other if around each other all the time)
• conversion therapy - is bad for people and can lead to emotional damage and internal homophobia
• happiness doesn't depend on when you fall in love
• intersex - an umbrella term that includes a variety of congenital conditions involving atypical physical and biological sexual characteristics