Relations with indigenous people

• Federal = Power is divided out
• Rhodesia - Ethnic tensions

  Much black representation at low pay and few rights, intensified due to increase in number of white settlers following WWII.

  129,000 white settlers/wealth farmers in Southern Rhodesia. Granted self - government in 1923. Intent on preserving white power whilist 36,000 white settlers of Northern Rhodesia (involved in copper mining industry) wanted white control.

  Northern Rhodesia separate status as a proctectorate, directly ruled from London
• Rhodesia - CAF formed and successful

  • Britain created a federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland in 1953. Known as Central African federation (CAF). Each three areas had its own legislature and government
  • Hoped to protect Africans in Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland from discriminatory Southern Rhodesian laws. Southern white people tried to use the federation to reinforce their own political leadership
  • Give white Northern Rhodesians same political influence. Left Nyasaland in centre of storm. Very few white people and restricted federation in 1953
• Rhodesia - Nationalist groups

  • 1959, Dr Hastings Banda of Nyasaland returned from Gold Coast to lead a campaign to end the federation.
  • Govenor of Nyasaland, Sir Robert Armitage, fearing collapse of British authority declared state of emergency and banned Nyasaland African congress (NAC) and imprisoned leaders
  • (Hastings Banda and Kenneth Kuanda)
• Rhodesia - Nationalist groups

  • Harry Nkumbula of Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) African National Congress detained without trail. 2000 were imprisoned for offences related to the emergency
• Rhodesia - Nkata Bay

  • March 1959
  • Prisoners detained in Northern Rhodesia were waiting in Nkata bay. For lake steamer to take them to the South
  • Local congress leader tried to secure their release. Encouraged large crowd to gather at dockside
  • District commissioner, fearing situation getting out of control, ordered troops to open fire at crowds