More on its Scientific Names

• ACCORDING TO ITS LAYING EGG CAPACITY

  Oviparous - immature/unembryonated eggs

  ex. Helminths, Enterobius vermicularis

  Ovoviviparous - mature eggs

  ex. Strongyloides stercoralis

  Larviparous - larva

  ex. Trichinella spiralis

  Viviparous - young develop in the parent
• ACCORDING TO ITS REPRODCUTIVE ORGANS

  Monoecious - both male and female reproductive organs in one parasite

  ex. cestodes

  Dioecious - Male is smaller than females

  ex. nematodes

  Parthenogenic - females are capable of self fertilization

  ex. strongyloides stercoralis
• RELATIONSHIP WITH THE HOST

  Obligate - dependent upon the host

  ex. Ascaris lumbricoides

  Facultative - living both free and parasitic existence even outside the body of the host

  ex. Strongyloides stercoralis
• CLASSIFICATION OF HOST

  Reservior - rodents

  Incidental Host - trichinosis
• MODE OF TRANSMISSION

  Soil-transmitted - Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura

  Snail-transmitted - Schistosoma japonicum

  Arthropod Transmitted - Malaria, mosquito filariasis, mosquito leishmaniasis, sandfly trypanosomiasis

  Contact Transmitted - Trichomonas vaginalis, Enterobius vermicularis

  Animal-borne - zooanthroponosis

  airborne - Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
• PORTALS OF ENTRY

  Mouth (Oral Cavity)

  • ingestion of:

  embryonated eggs (A. lumbricoides)

  cysts (Entamoeba histolytica)

  • intimate oral contact

  Trichomonas tenax

  Entamoeba gingivalis
• PORTALS OF ENTRY

  • Skin

  filariform larvae (Hookworm)

  cercariae (Schistosomes)
• PORTALS OF ENTRY

  Others

  • Sexual Contact - Trichomonas vaginalis
  • Transplacental - Toxoplasma gondii
  • Transmammary - Strongyloides stercoralis
  • Intranasal - Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba culbertsoni
• PORTALS OF EXIT

  Stool = recovery of ova

  Urine = T. vaginalis, S. haematobium

  Sputum = Paragonimus westermani