INTRO

• Tropical Medicine is a branch of medicine which deals with tropical diseases and other special medical problems of tropical regions
• SYMBIOSIS - living together of unlike organisms
• Commensalism - is a symbiotic relationship in which two species live together and one species benefits from the relationship without harming or benefiting the other.
• Mutualism - is a symbiosis in which two organisms mutually benefit from each other
• Parasitism - is a symbiotic relationship where one organism, the parasite lives in or on another for its survival and usually at the expense of the host
• Amoebiasis is also called as amebic dysentery. It is an intestinal illness caused by a parasite, Entamoeba histolytica. This parasite lives in the intestines and produces eggs (cysts) which are passed from the bodyin the stool.
• Parasites live According to its habitat, egg-laying capacity, sexes, relationship with the host
• Ectoparasite (infestation)lives on the outside of the host
• Endoparasite (infection)lives within the body of the host
• Oviparous lays immature/ unembryonated eggs(Ex. Helminths, Enterobius vermicularis)
• Ovoviviparous lays mature eggs (Ex. Stronglyloides stercoralis)
• Larviparous lays larva (Ex. Trichinella spiralis)
• Viviparous young developed inside the body of the parent
• Monoecious both male and female reproductiveorgans are found in one parasite (Ex.Cestodes)
• Dioecious separate sexes; males are usuallysmaller compared to females (Ex.Nematodes)
• Parthenogenic female worms are capable of self-fertilization (Ex.Strongyloides stercoralis)
• Obligate when they take up a permanent residence in and arecompletely dependent upon the host (Ascaris lumbricoides)
• Facultative they are capable of leading both a free and a parasitic existence even if they are outside the body of the host (Strongyloides stercoralis)
• Intermittent visit the host only during feeding time
• Accidental establishes itself in a host in which it does not ordinarily live
• Permanent remains on or in the body of the host from early life until maturity, sometimes for its entire life cycle
• Pseudoparasite artifacts mistaken as parasites (pollen, hairs)
• Temporary parasite lives on the host only for a short period of time
• Spurious parasite is a free-living organism that passes through thedigestive tract without infecting the host
• Definitive host harbors the sexual or adult stages/terminal/final stages of the parasite (humans)
• Intermediate host harbors the asexual stages or larval stages of the parasite (snails)
• Paratenic Host a host which act as a transporting agent for the parasite and in which the parasite does not undergo any development (prawns)
• The transmission of parasites involved 3 factors: a) source of infection
• The transmission of parasites involved 3 factors: b) mode of transmission
• The transmission of parasites involved 3 factors: c) presence of susceptible host
• Reservoir - a host in which the parasite is maintained and act as a source of infection for new cases (rodents)
• Incidental Host - refers to a situation in which the infected individual is not necessary for the parasite survival or development (trichinosis)
• Family Name - “- idae ”
• Superfamily - “- oidea ”
• Subfamily - “- inae ”