pharmacology

• Drug-herb interactions can occur when herbal supplements interact with medications, potentially affecting their effectiveness or causing adverse reactions.
• Pharmacology is the study of selective biologic activity of drugs and the study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes, especially by binding to regulatory molecules and activating or inhibiting normal processes.
• Medical Pharmacology is the area of pharmacology concerned with the use of chemicals in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, especially in humans.
• Anti-microbials are agents used to treat diseases caused by microorganisms.
• Anti-cancer agents are agents used to treat cancer.
• Anti-infectives are agents used to treat infections caused by microorganisms.
• Chemotherapeutics Agents are agents used to kill or inhibit the growth of cells considered as foreign to the body.
• Anti-neo-plastics are agents used to treat neo-plastic diseases.
• Drugs are defined as articles recognized in the official USP, official Homeopathic Pharmacopeia of the US or the official NF, or any supplements to any of them.
• Drugs are also defined as articles for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or other animals.
• Drugs are also defined as articles intended for use as component of any articles specified in clause 1, 2, or 3, but does not include devices or their components parts or accessories.
• Pharmacology also includes the study of substances that act on biologic systems at the chemical (molecular) level and alter their functions.
• Drug receptors are the molecular components of the body with which drugs interact to bring about their effects.
• Drugs are chemicals that modify body functions and may be ions, carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins.
• Diagnostic agents are used for the diagnosis or confirmation of certain diseases.
• Pharmacotherapeutics is the rational use of drugs in the management of diseases.
• Functional modifiers alter certain physiologic functions and activities of body cells.
• Toxicology is a branch that deals with the undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems, from individual cells to complex ecosystems.
• Examples of functional modifiers include analgesics and anesthetics for pain perception, beta-blockers for tachycardia, and morphine for narcotic analgesia.
• Examples of diagnostic agents include pulmonary challenge test for bronchial asthma, Edrophonium (Tensilon®) for Myasthenia gravis, and radiopaque substances like barium sulfate and thallium 201 for visualizing the outline of the GIT.
• Pharmacokinetics is the quantitative measurement of drug absorption, distribution, and elimination (i.e., excretion and metabolism) and includes the rate processes for drug movement into the body, within the body, and out of the body.
• Replenishers replace or replenish endogenous substances that are lacking, deficient, or absent.
• Examples of replenishers include insulin for diabetes type 1, vitamin B12 for pernicious anemia, and iron for anemia.
• Pharmacodynamics is a branch of pharmacology that focuses on the study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and the mechanisms by which they produce such effects.
• Pharmacodynamics deals with the interaction of drugs with receptors and the molecular consequences.
• Biological effect is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs in biological systems.