STAS 1

• Types of Research

  1. Fundamental/Basic Research-gaining new knowledge

  2. Applied-practical application

  3. Mission-Oriented-accomplishing a particular mission or technological objective
• Society

  An organized group of people associated as members of a community, living together in a particular country or region having shared customs and laws
• Research


  A process of acquiring new knowledge
• Development

  Involves transforming research findings into prototype inventions of new materials, devices, and processes
• Innovation

  
  

  Involves commercialization of prototype inventions of Research and Development into marketable products or processes
• Technology


  “Know-how” resulting in new product, practical application of knowledge
• Science

  “Know-why” resulting in new knowledge, systematic study of nature and the physical universe by means of the scientific method
• Types of Technology

  1. Material technology (raw materials)-extraction, fabrication, processing, combination, and synthesis of materials

  2. Equipment technology (production of equipment’s)-design and fabrication of tools, instruments, devices, and machines

  3. Energy technology - wind turbines and hydrothermal (Both renewable & non-renewable)

  4. Information technology- machines that collect, store, process, retrieve, transmit, and utilize data or information

  5. Life technology - devices, medicines, procedures, and systems designed to preserve, repair, maintain, reproduce, and improve living systems

  6. Management technology - Planning, organization, coordination, and control of social activities
• Branches of Science

  1. Physics – study of matter, energy & interactions between the two through forces & motion

  2. Astronomy – universe

  3. Biology – life forms

  4. Geology – structure of earth

  5. Chemistry – properties of matter & how matter changes
• Evolution of Societies

  1. Hunter and Gatherer Societies - the most primitive of all societies

  2. Shifting and Farming-e.g., slash and burn farming (kaingin system)

  3. Agricultural and Mining

  4. Manufacturing and Processing Societies

  5. Synthesizing and Recycling Societies
• Science Processes

  1. Identification of an aspect, problem, question, or phenomenon of nature of interest to the scientists or practitioner

  2. Formulation of some sort of intellectual construct- a guess or hypothesis or theory to explain the aspect, problem, question, or phenomenon

  3. Application of the construct to the aspect, problem, question, or phenomenon

  4. Assessment, evaluation, or analysis of the adequacy of fit, compatibility, or appropriateness of the construct to the aspect, problem, question, or phenomenon

  5. Acceptance, adoption, modification
• Scientific Processes (scientific method)

  1. Observing

  2. Problem

  3. Hypothesis

  4. Gathering Data and Information

  5. Experiment

  6. Generalized Result

  7. Conclusion

  8. Presentation
• Classification of technology based on a country’s level of technological sophistication

  1. First Wave Technology

  2. Second Wave technology

  3. Third-Wave technology
• National Scientists

  • Ramon C. Barba- a Filipino inventor and horticulturist, best known for inventing a way to induce more flowers in mango trees using ethrel and potassium nitrate
  • Edgardo Gomez- a Filipino biologist who led the world’s first national-scale assessment of damage to coral reefs. He also pioneered giant clam breeding and other protective areas for coastal communities of the Philippines
  • Gavino C. Trono - “The father of Kappaphycus farming”, a Filipino biologist who focuses on marine phycology particularly seaweed biodiversity
  • Angel Alcala- a Filipino biologist who promotes biodiversity in the aquatic ecosystems of the Philippines
  • Fe Del Mundo- Filipina pediatrician, the founder of the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines
  • Eduardo Quisumbing- a Filipino biologist, a leading authority of plants in the Philippines. He is the author of taxonomic and morphological papers, many of which deal with orchids including Medicinal Plants in the Philippines
  • Emil Q Javier- Filipino plant geneticist and agronomist who contributed in Agriculture
  • Germiniano T. de Ocampo- Filipino ophthalmologist known to some as the Father of Modern Philippine ophthalmology. He was the founder of the Philippine Eye Bank
• NOT DISCUSSED BY MAM: The term “Filipinnovation” was the term used in helping the Philippines to be an innovation hub in Asia
• People

  • George Stephenson - He developed the first steam-powered locomotive
  • Henri Becquerel - French physicist who discovered radioactivity through his investigations of uranium and other substances
• NOT DISCUSSED BY MAM: Philippine Science High School focuses on science, technology, and mathematics in their curriculum
• NOT DISCUSSED BY MAM: President Arroyo passed the Biofuels act that promotes the development and usage of biofuels throughout the country. Arroyo’s administration improves the Agriculture and Fisheries sector through Mechanization
• First Wave Technology

  • Primitive form using basic tools.
  • Empirical
  • Labor intensive, small scall, decentralized
• Second Wave Technology (MACHINES)

  • Industrial Revolution - end of WW2
  • Capital intensive
  • Based on classical physics, chem, and bio
• Third Wave Technology

  • Post-industrial
  • Science-intensive
  • Modern Scientific Knowledge about the structures, properties, interaction of molecules
• Scientific Process

  • Used to solve every day problems
• Other name for scientific process

  • Scientific Inquiry
  • Scientific Method
• Technological Process

  1. Identification of specific NEED
  2. Conceptualization (plan) of design
  3. Production (execution) of plan or design [prototype]
  4. Use of Phase
• Scientific Vs Technological

  • Technological identifies NEED or OPPURTUNITY while Science identifies ASPECTS, PROBLEMS, PHENOMENONS
  • Technological constructs plan and prototype while Science formulates hypothesis to explain problem